How to format your references using the Cureus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cureus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Egan G: Only connect. Nature. 2000, 403:599.

A journal article with 2 authors

Iwahara J, Clore GM: Detecting transient intermediates in macromolecular binding by paramagnetic NMR. Nature. 2006, 440:1227–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luhmann HJ, Kirischuk S, Kilb W: Comment on ‘Local impermeant anions establish the neuronal chloride concentration’. Science. 2014, 345:1130.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Arz HW, Lamy F, Pätzold J, Muller PJ, Prins M: Mediterranean moisture source for an early-Holocene humid period in the northern Red Sea. Science. 2003, 300:118–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kimball R, Ross M: The Kimball Group Reader. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2015.

An edited book

Ikeda M, Ashley KD, Chan T-W, editors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 8th International Conference, ITS 2006, Jhongli, Taiwan, June 26-30, 2006. Proceedings. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Drew CA, Collazo JA: Expert Knowledge as a Foundation for the Management of Secretive Species and Their Habitat. In: Perera AH, Drew CA, Johnson CJ, eds. Expert Knowledge and Its Application in Landscape Ecology. Springer: New York, NY; 2012. 87–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cureus.

Blog post

Hamilton K: Ancient Skeleton Reveals 10,000-Year Link To Modern Tribes In Pacific Northwest. IFLScience. (2017). Accessed: October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ancient-skeleton-reveals-10000-year-link-to-modern-tribes-in-pacific-northwest/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Technology Transfer: Implementation of CRADAs at NIST, Army, and DOE. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schreiber JS: Discursive constructions of decline: Narratives of illness and financial stress among residents in assisted living. 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED MJ: Pandora Gets New Partner In Sirius XM. New York Times. 2017, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cureus
ISSN (online)	2168-8184
Scope