How to format your references using the Critical Ultrasound Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Ultrasound Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glotzer SC (2004) Materials science. Some Assembly Required. Science 306:419–420

A journal article with 2 authors

Tessier PM, Lindquist S (2007) Prion recognition elements govern nucleation, strain specificity and species barriers. Nature 447:556–561

A journal article with 3 authors

Bogorad IW, Lin T-S, Liao JC (2013) Synthetic non-oxidative glycolysis enables complete carbon conservation. Nature 502:693–697

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhou J, Hu Y, Yin Z-Q, et al (2014) High fidelity quantum state transfer in electromechanical systems with intermediate coupling. Sci Rep 4:6237

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Niemi V, Nyberg K (2006) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Security. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wiesel SW, Delahay JN (2011) Essentials of Orthopedic Surgery, 4th ed. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta VP, Mandayam P, Sunder VS (2015) Quantum Information Theory. In: Mandayam P, Sunder VS (eds) The Functional Analysis of Quantum Information Theory: A Collection of Notes Based on Lectures by Gilles Pisier, K. R. Parthasarathy, Vern Paulsen and Andreas Winter. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 93–134

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Ultrasound Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Spectacular New Images Show Enormous Glacier On Mars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/beautiful-panorama-mars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Federal Surplus Ships: Government Efforts to Address the Growing Backlog of Ships Awaiting Disposal. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dixon-Thompson TL (2015) The relationship between the usage of a Computer Assisted Instructional (CAI) program, Ticket to Read (T2R) and reading achievement in third grade. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Andrews M (2017) Venus Williams Faces Wrongful-Death Suit. New York Times D6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Ultrasound Journal
Abbreviation	Crit. Ultrasound J.
ISSN (print)	2036-3176
ISSN (online)	2036-7902
Scope	Radiological and Ultrasound Technology