How to format your references using the Critical Ultrasound Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Ultrasound Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoag H (2003) In search of form and function. Nature 425:880–881

A journal article with 2 authors

Cox AG, Goessling W (2014) Regenerative biology: Take the brakes off for liver repair. Nature 506:299–300

A journal article with 3 authors

Putnam CD, Hayes TK, Kolodner RD (2009) Specific pathways prevent duplication-mediated genome rearrangements. Nature 460:984–989

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao M, Song A, Li P, et al (2014) A bHLH transcription factor regulates iron intake under Fe deficiency in chrysanthemum. Sci Rep 4:6694

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lundberg U, Cooper CL (2010) The Science of Occupational Health. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Daly P, Gijbels D (2009) Real Learning Opportunities at Business School and Beyond, 1st ed. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Muijs D, Ainscow M, Chapman C, West M (2011) Societal Theories of Networking and Collaboration. In: Ainscow M, Chapman C, West M (eds) Collaboration and Networking in Education. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 29–36

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Ultrasound Journal.

Blog post

Andrew D (2015) Watch A Red-Hot Ball Of Nickel Melt A Bowl Of Jello From The Inside Out. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/watch-boiling-hot-nickel-ball-melt-bowl-jello-inside-out/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Responses to Questions for the Record; September 2008 Hearing on the Next Generation Air Transportation System: Status and Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Large KG (2008) A study of Statewide Transfer and Articulation Reporting System (STARS) approved courses completed at an Alabama community college. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hoffman C (2013) David Lynch Has a Great Idea for a Movie. New York Times MM26

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Ultrasound Journal
Abbreviation	Crit. Ultrasound J.
ISSN (print)	2036-3176
ISSN (online)	2036-7902
Scope	Radiological and Ultrasound Technology