How to format your references using the Critical Ultrasound Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Ultrasound Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guillén N (2014) Infection biology: Nibbled to death. Nature 508:462–463

A journal article with 2 authors

Sung S, Amasino RM (2004) Vernalization in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by the PHD finger protein VIN3. Nature 427:159–164

A journal article with 3 authors

van den Ent F, Amos LA, Löwe J (2001) Prokaryotic origin of the actin cytoskeleton. Nature 413:39–44

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wittebolle L, Marzorati M, Clement L, et al (2009) Initial community evenness favours functionality under selective stress. Nature 458:623–626

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abd-El-Barr M, El-Rewini H (2004) Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Holland S, Wilkie K, Mulholland P, Seago A (2013) Music and Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Kadmiel M, Fritz-Six KL, Caron KM (2012) Understanding RAMPs Through Genetically Engineered Mouse Models. In: Spielman WS, Parameswaran N (eds) RAMPs. Springer US, New York, NY, pp 49–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Ultrasound Journal.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Climate Change On Saturn’s Moon Titan Hinted By Images Of Wind-Eroded Features. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Aviation Safety: FAA Has Improved Its Removal Procedures for Pilot Examiners. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hebbard MT (2015) A Depositional Analysis of the Reeves Sand in Beauregard and Allen Parishes, Louisiana. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2016) California Town and Its Public Retirees Reel Under $1.6 Million Pension Bill. New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Ultrasound Journal
Abbreviation	Crit. Ultrasound J.
ISSN (print)	2036-3176
ISSN (online)	2036-7902
Scope	Radiological and Ultrasound Technology