How to format your references using the Critical Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ihde, D. (2000). Epistemology engines. Nature, 406(6791), 21.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clift, P. D., & Blusztajn, J. (2005). Reorganization of the western Himalayan river system after five million years ago. Nature, 438(7070), 1001–1003.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kärkäs, M. D., Matsuura, B. S., & Stephenson, C. R. J. (2015). ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Enchained by visible light-mediated photoredox catalysis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6254), 1285–1286.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Banyard, J., Chung, I., Wilson, A. M., Vetter, G., Le Béchec, A., Bielenberg, D. R., & Zetter, B. R. (2013). Regulation of epithelial plasticity by miR-424 and miR-200 in a new prostate cancer metastasis model. Scientific reports, 3, 3151.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bojar, R. M. (2010). Manual of Perioperative Care in Adult Cardiac Surgery. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Kumar, P., Gupta, V. K., Tiwari, A. K., & Kamle, M. (Eds.). (2016). Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Chau, M., Sriskandha, S. E., Thérien-Aubin, H., & Kumacheva, E. (2015). Supramolecular Nanofibrillar Polymer Hydrogels. In S. Seiffert (Ed.), Supramolecular Polymer Networks and Gels (pp. 167–208). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Criminology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, December 8). John Glenn, First American To Orbit The Earth, Dies At 95. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/john-glenn-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-dies-at-95/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Telecommunications: German DTV Transition Differs from U.S. Transition in Many Respects, but Certain Key Challenges Are Similar (No. GAO-04-926T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eldanaf, R. G. (2012). Angry Cherub (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, M. D., & Pear, R. (2017, July 27). Former Obama Aides Lead Opposition to the Effort to Repeal the Health Law. New York Times, p. A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ihde 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Clift and Blusztajn 2005; Ihde 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clift and Blusztajn 2005)
Three or more authors: (Banyard et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Criminology
Abbreviation	Crit. Crim.
ISSN (print)	1205-8629
ISSN (online)	1572-9877
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science