How to format your references using the Critical Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balco, G. (2009). Climate. The geographic footprint of glacier change. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5927), 599–600.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roediger, H. L., 3rd, & McDermott, K. B. (2011). Neuroscience. Remember when? Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6038), 47–48.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riedel, I. H., Kruse, K., & Howard, J. (2005). A self-organized vortex array of hydrodynamically entrained sperm cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5732), 300–303.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jablonski, D., Roy, K., Valentine, J. W., Price, R. M., & Anderson, P. S. (2003). The impact of the pull of the recent on the history of marine diversity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5622), 1133–1135.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Windom, C. A., Sr., Gaidhani, H., & Fontana, A. (2010). Virtualizing. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Hows, D. (2015). The Definitive Guide to MongoDB: A complete guide to dealing with Big Data using MongoDB. (P. Membrey, E. Plugge, & T. Hawkins, Eds.) (Third Edition.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Jensen, M. J., & Anstead, N. (2014). Campaigns and Social Media Communications: A Look at Digital Campaigning in the 2010 U.K. General Election. In B. Grofman, A. H. Trechsel, & M. Franklin (Eds.), The Internet and Democracy in Global Perspective: Voters, Candidates, Parties, and Social Movements (pp. 57–81). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Criminology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 12). This Is What Our Night Sky Would Look Like If Celestial Bodies Were Closer To Earth. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-our-night-sky-would-look-if-celestial-bodies-were-closer-earth/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Quality of Weather Forecasts and Opportunity for Improvements (No. CED-78-33). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmes, K. (2008). Ethical practice online: An exploration of provider liability risk among practitioners in the emerging field of online therapy (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2016, October 7). A Raging Diva, Centuries Before Soap Operas. New York Times, p. C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Balco 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Balco 2009; Roediger and McDermott 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roediger and McDermott 2011)
Three or more authors: (Jablonski et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Criminology
Abbreviation	Crit. Crim.
ISSN (print)	1205-8629
ISSN (online)	1572-9877
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science