How to format your references using the Critical Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, K. (2010). Treatment frontiers. Nature, 466(7310), S15-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Allison, E. H., & Bassett, H. R. (2015). Climate change in the oceans: Human impacts and responses. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6262), 778–782.

A journal article with 3 authors

Righton, D., Metcalfe, J., & Connolly, P. (2001). Fisheries. Different behaviour of North and Irish Sea cod. Nature, 411(6834), 156.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lapointe, C., Hultgren, A., Silevitch, D. M., Felton, E. J., Reich, D. H., & Leheny, R. L. (2004). Elastic torque and the levitation of metal wires by a nematic liquid crystal. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5658), 652–655.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Edmonds, M. E., Foster, A. V. M., & Sanders, L. J. (2008). A Practical Manual of Diabetic Foot Care. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

An edited book

Re, E. D., & Ruggieri, M. (Eds.). (2008). Satellite Communications and Navigation Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, Z., Zhang, Y., & Han, G. (2016). Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery and Therapy. In Z. Dai (Ed.), Advances in Nanotheranostics I: Design and Fabrication of Theranosic Nanoparticles (pp. 139–164). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Criminology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 6). Running Hot And Cold: Sardines And Anchovies In The Pacific. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/running-hot-and-cold-sardines-and-anchovies-pacific/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Management Guidelines for Cost Accounting and Cost Control for ADP Systems Design and Development Activities (No. 094325). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marlatt, E. S. (2013). Effects of accelerated instruction on achievement gains of underprepared Catholic high school freshmen (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2007, October 31). Iran: Nuclear Discussion With Visiting Russian. New York Times, p. A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Allison and Bassett 2015; Smith 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Allison and Bassett 2015)
Three or more authors: (Lapointe et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Criminology
Abbreviation	Crit. Crim.
ISSN (print)	1205-8629
ISSN (online)	1572-9877
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science