How to format your references using the Critical Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zwerger, W. (2012). Physics. Seeing the superfluid transition of a gas. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6068), 549–550.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mathieu, R. D., & Geller, A. M. (2009). A binary star fraction of 76 per cent and unusual orbit parameters for the blue stragglers of NGC 188. Nature, 462(7276), 1032–1035.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lambeck, K., Esat, T. M., & Potter, E.-K. (2002). Links between climate and sea levels for the past three million years. Nature, 419(6903), 199–206.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Joye, S. B., Leifer, I., MacDonald, I. R., Chanton, J. P., Meile, C. D., Teske, A. P., et al. (2011). Comment on “A persistent oxygen anomaly reveals the fate of spilled methane in the deep Gulf of Mexico.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6033), 1033; author reply 1033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gamenara, D., Seoane, G. A., Saenz-Méndez, P., & de María, P. D. (2012). Redox Biocatalysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Cuppens-Boulahia, N., & Capitani di Vimercati, S. de (Eds.). (2012). Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneus Security: 6th International Workshop, DPM 2011, and 4th International Workshop, SETOP 2011, Leuven, Belgium, September 15-16, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 7122). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Leve, F. A., Hamilton, B. J., & Peck, M. A. (2015). Dynamics of Momentum-Control Systems. In B. J. Hamilton & M. A. Peck (Eds.), Spacecraft Momentum Control Systems (pp. 57–93). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Criminology.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, July 19). Scientists May Have Discovered The Neural Basis Of Human Intelligence. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-may-have-discovered-the-neural-basis-of-human-intelligence/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Teenage Drug Use: Uncertain Linkages With Either Pregnancy or School Dropout (No. PEMD-91-3). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fortenbery, N. R. (2012). Regulation of Natural Killer Cells: SHIP-1, 2B4, and Immunomodulation by Lenalidomide (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1992, September 27). THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Again Faces Draft Issue As He Returns to New Hampshire. New York Times, p. 120.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zwerger 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Mathieu and Geller 2009; Zwerger 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mathieu and Geller 2009)
Three or more authors: (Joye et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Criminology
Abbreviation	Crit. Crim.
ISSN (print)	1205-8629
ISSN (online)	1572-9877
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science