How to format your references using the Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Turchin P. Arise “cliodynamics.” Nature. 2008;454:34–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mukhopadhyay RD, Ajayaghosh A. Supramolecular chemistry. Living supramolecular polymerization. Science. 2015;349:241–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sreekanth KV, De Luca A, Strangi G. Experimental demonstration of surface and bulk plasmon polaritons in hypergratings. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3291.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Miquel C, Paz JP, Saraceno M, Knill E, Laflamme R, Negrevergne C. Interpretation of tomography and spectroscopy as dual forms of quantum computation. Nature. 2002;418:59–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zhang B, Qiu D. Sneak Circuits of Power Electronic Converters. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Gupta KJ, Igamberdiev AU, editors. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Signaling and Communication in Plants. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Guo X, Zhang L, Xiong D, Ran L, Wang Y. Selection of Basic Measurements on Head Segment of Male Pilots for 3-D Anthropometry. In: Long S, Dhillon BS, editors. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Man–Machine–Environment System Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 29–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Sharp-toothed tigerfish jumps into the sky to eat birds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sharp-toothed-tigerfish-jumps-sky-eat-birds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Securities and Exchange Commission: Greater Attention Is Needed to Enhance Communication and Utilization of Resources in the Division of Enforcement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 May. Report No.: GAO-09-613T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Papacostaki M. Under the black sun [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. Cider, From Doughnuts to Hot Dogs. New York Times. 2006 Oct 7;NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
Abbreviation	Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc.
ISSN (online)	1478-7547
Scope	Health Policy