How to format your references using the Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Loder N. UK space strategy slammed as lacking funds and vision. Nature. 2000;406:222.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bellwood P, White P. Domesticated pigs in eastern Indonesia. Science. 2005;309:381; author reply 381.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hu Z-X, Lan H, Ji W. Role of the dispersion force in modeling the interfacial properties of molecule-metal interfaces: adsorption of thiophene on copper surfaces. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5036.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Del’Haye P, Schliesser A, Arcizet O, Wilken T, Holzwarth R, Kippenberg TJ. Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator. Nature. 2007;450:1214–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Placzek D, Bielecki R, Messing M, Schwarzer F Tunnel. Zielgenau bis ans Ende des Tunnels. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

1. Bosch TCG. The Holobiont Imperative: Perspectives from Early Emerging Animals. 1st ed. 2016. Miller DJ, editor. Vienna: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kolvekar SK, Panagiotopoulos N. Pectus Carinatum. In: Kolvekar S, Pilegaard H, editors. Chest Wall Deformities and Corrective Procedures. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 21–3.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. The Ocean Is Losing Its Breath – And Climate Change Is Making It Worse [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-ocean-is-losing-its-breath-and-climate-change-is-making-it-worse/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security: Systematic Planning Needed to Optimize Resources. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Feb. Report No.: GAO-05-357T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Crumlish SB. Domingo Chileno: An Overture for Orchestra [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Haberman M, Thrush G, Schmidt MS, Baker P. How Festering Anger at Comey Ended in Firing. New York Times. 2017 May 10;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
Abbreviation	Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc.
ISSN (online)	1478-7547
Scope	Health Policy