How to format your references using the Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bignami GF. Astronomy. Two missions, one microquasar. Science. 2009;326:1490–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pucadyil TJ, Schmid SL. Conserved functions of membrane active GTPases in coated vesicle formation. Science. 2009;325:1217–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bylicka B, Chruściński D, Maniscalco S. Non-Markovianity and reservoir memory of quantum channels: a quantum information theory perspective. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5720.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Baron MK, Boeckers TM, Vaida B, Faham S, Gingery M, Sawaya MR, et al. An architectural framework that may lie at the core of the postsynaptic density. Science. 2006;311:531–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Raju KSN. Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Katsikas S, López J, Pernul G, editors. Trust, Privacy, and Security in Digital Business: Second International Conference, TrustBus 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 22-26, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gruen A, Broadley MR, Buchner P, Hawkesford MJ. Efficient Mineral Nutrition: Genetic Improvement of Phosphate Uptake and Use Efficiency in Crops. In: Hawkesford MJ, Kopriva S, De Kok LJ, editors. Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 93–132.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.

Blog post

1. Davis J. 20 Million-Year-Old Salamander Found Preserved In Amber [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/salamander-found-preserved-amber-first-ever-have-been-found/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: School’s Use of the Antitrust Exemption Has Not Significantly Affected College Affordability or Likelihood of Student Enrollment to Date. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Sep. Report No.: GAO-06-963.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Onal B. RFID feasibility study for check-out stations at supermarkets [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Ewing J, Tabuchi H, Protess B. Volkswagen Said to Be Near Deal With U.S. in Diesel Case. New York Times. 2017 Jan 6;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
Abbreviation	Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc.
ISSN (online)	1478-7547
Scope	Health Policy