How to format your references using the Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Funder JW. Medicine. The genetics of primary aldosteronism. Science. 2011;331:685–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wallenfang MR, Matunis E. Developmental biology. Orienting stem cells. Science. 2003;301:1490–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Storch D, Marquet PA, Gaston KJ. Ecology. Untangling an entangled bank. Science. 2005;307:684–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Levy YY, Mesnage S, Mylne JS, Gendall AR, Dean C. Multiple roles of Arabidopsis VRN1 in vernalization and flowering time control. Science. 2002;297:243–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ruske W. Verlag Chemie 1921-1971. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 1971.

An edited book

1. Ho JD, Kroll MW, editors. TASER® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cai W, Shalaev V. Electric Metamaterials. In: Shalaev V, editor. Optical Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 59–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Physicists Demonstrate “Weeping Angel” Effect [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/physicists-demonstrate-weeping-angel-effect/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Financial Management Systems: DHS Faces Challenges to Successfully Consolidate Its Existing Disparate Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-210T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Carpenter DM. Understanding the effect of conflicting information on medication adherence for vasculitis patients [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Recovering The Kursk. New York Times. 2001 Oct 18;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
Abbreviation	Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc.
ISSN (online)	1478-7547
Scope	Health Policy