How to format your references using the Concussion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Concussion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stokstad E. PALEONTOLOGY: Fossils Made to Order, Any Size. Science 288(5472), 1729 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

Gutnisky DA, Dragoi V. Adaptive coding of visual information in neural populations. Nature 452(7184), 220–224 (2008).

A journal article with 3 authors

Zwieniecki MA, Melcher PJ, Michele Holbrook NM. Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants. Science 291(5506), 1059–1062 (2001).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hunt B, Pratt E, Gadagkar V, Yamashita M, Balatsky AV, Davis JC. Evidence for a superglass state in solid 4He. Science 324(5927), 632–636 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Di Stefano M. Distributed Data Management for Grid Computing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2005).

An edited book

Ezura H, Ariizumi T, Garcia-Mas J, Rose J (Eds.). Functional Genomics and Biotechnology in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae Crops. (Volume 70). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2016).

A chapter in an edited book

Berns H, Gavriljuk V, Riedner S. Manufacture. In: High Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steels. Gavriljuk V, Riedner S (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 111–126 (2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Concussion.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. ‘Boeing Unveils “Starliner” That Will Take Astronauts To Space’ (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/boeing-unveils-starliner-will-soon-start-taking-astronauts-space/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Assessment of the Financial Audit for SEMATECH’s Activities in 1990, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, (1992).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grass DS. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York, NY, (2008).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. JUSTICES SAY E.P.A. HAS POWER TO ACT ON HARMFUL GASES, (2007).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Concussion
ISSN (online)	2056-3299
Scope