How to format your references using the Paddy and Water Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Paddy and Water Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Patten, Lord (2006) Europe pays the price for spending less. Nature 441:691–693

A journal article with 2 authors

Stevens B, Bony S (2013) Climate change. What are climate models missing? Science 340:1053–1054

A journal article with 3 authors

Padture NP, Gell M, Jordan EH (2002) Thermal barrier coatings for gas-turbine engine applications. Science 296:280–284

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Carter AP, Clemons WM, Brodersen DE, et al (2000) Functional insights from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit and its interactions with antibiotics. Nature 407:340–348

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernando A, Worrall ST, Ekmekcioǧlu E (2013) 3DTV. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Jacob BP, Ramshaw B (eds) (2013) The SAGES Manual of Hernia Repair. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Kidd TH, Vural M, Ravichandran G (2010) Transverse Response of Unidirectional Composites Under a Wide Range of Confinements and Strain Rates. In: Shukla A, Ravichandran G, Rajapakse YDS (eds) Dynamic Failure of Materials and Structures. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 131–152

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Paddy and Water Environment.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Alignment Of Planets May Explain Sun’s Mysterious Cycle. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Report to the Secretary, HEW, on the National Direct Student Loan Delinquency Rate. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schneider SZ (2009) Mercury sources and cycling processes in the Cape Fear River estuary, North Carolina. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2013) A.I.G. Seeks Approval To File More Bank Suits. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Patten 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Patten 2006; Stevens and Bony 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stevens and Bony 2013)
Three or more authors: (Carter et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Paddy and Water Environment
Abbreviation	Paddy Water Environ.
ISSN (print)	1611-2490
ISSN (online)	1611-2504
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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