How to format your references using the Computers and Geotechnics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geotechnics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lagendijk A. Pushing for power. Nature 2005;438:429.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Forget AL, Kowalczykowski SC. Single-molecule imaging of DNA pairing by RecA reveals a three-dimensional homology search. Nature 2012;482:423–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ahlberg PE, Clack JA, Blom H. The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. Nature 2005;437:137–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Croft MT, Lawrence AD, Raux-Deery E, Warren MJ, Smith AG. Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. Nature 2005;438:90–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Choudhry M, Moskovic D, Wong M, Baig S, Liu Z, Lizzio M, et al. Fixed Income Markets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Perny P, Pirlot M, Tsoukiàs A, editors. Algorithmic Decision Theory: Third International Conference, ADT 2013, Bruxelles, Belgium, November 12-14, 2013, Proceedings. vol. 8176. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Delaunoy A, Prados E, Belhumeur PN. Towards Full 3D Helmholtz Stereovision Algorithms. In: Kimmel R, Klette R, Sugimoto A, editors. Computer Vision – ACCV 2010: 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Queenstown, New Zealand, November 8-12, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 39–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geotechnics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Temporary Tattoo Monitors Blood Glucose Levels. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/temporary-tattoo-diabetics-could-eliminate-need-finger-prick-tests/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Rail Safety: Federal Railroad Administration Should Report on Risks to the Successful Implementation of Mandated Safety Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Walther RL. Approaches to Stream Restoration: Practices in Missouri and Illinois. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. War Is Hell? No, One-Dimensional. New York Times 2017:AR116.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geotechnics
Abbreviation	Comput. Geotech.
ISSN (print)	0266-352X
Scope	Computer Science Applications Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology