How to format your references using the Computers and Geotechnics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geotechnics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Holness M. Geochemistry. How melted rock migrates. Science 2006;314:934–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hopkinson CS Jr, Vallino JJ. Efficient export of carbon to the deep ocean through dissolved organic matter. Nature 2005;433:142–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Pettifer RF, Collins SP, Laundy D. Quadrupole transitions revealed by Borrmann spectroscopy. Nature 2008;454:196–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Farrell AE, Plevin RJ, Turner BT, Jones AD, O’Hare M, Kammen DM. Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals. Science 2006;311:506–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Stokes DJ. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Kapranov M, Manin YI, Moree P, Kolyada S, Potyagailo L, editors. Geometry and Dynamics of Groups and Spaces: In Memory of Alexander Reznikov. vol. 265. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gupta G, Singh J, Pandey PC, Tomar V, Rani M, Kumar P. Geospatial Strategy for Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon in Tropical Wildlife Reserve. In: Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M, Islam T, editors. Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 69–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geotechnics.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. The Internet Is Hooked On This Color Perception Quiz - How Did You Score? IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/the-internet-is-hooked-on-this-color-perception-quiz-how-did-you-score/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Space Acquisitions: Challenges Facing DOD as it Changes Approaches to Space Acquisitions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Almasaari AH. Arab American women’s identity crises in Mohja Kahf’s “The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf” and Laila Halaby’s “West of the Jordan.” Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Koblin J, Rutenberg J. Pelley Said to Be Leaving Anchor Post With CBS News. New York Times 2017:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geotechnics
Abbreviation	Comput. Geotech.
ISSN (print)	0266-352X
Scope	Computer Science Applications Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology