How to format your references using the Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sander, P.M., 2012. Paleontology. Reproduction in early amniotes. Science 337, 806–808.

A journal article with 2 authors

Whalan, S., Webster, N.S., 2014. Sponge larval settlement cues: the role of microbial biofilms in a warming ocean. Sci. Rep. 4, 4072.

A journal article with 3 authors

Houstis, N., Rosen, E.D., Lander, E.S., 2006. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440, 944–948.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang, L., Xu, H., Zhang, Z., Chen, C., Jiang, J., Ma, X., Chen, B., Li, Z., Zhong, H., Peng, L.-M., 2014. Graphene/Si CMOS hybrid hall integrated circuits. Sci. Rep. 4, 5548.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Aichinger, M., Binder, A., 2013. A Workout in Computational Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Chee, Y.M., Guo, Z., Ling, S., Shao, F., Tang, Y., Wang, H., Xing, C. (Eds.), 2011. Coding and Cryptology: Third International Workshop, IWCC 2011, Qingdao, China, May 30-June 3, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Gudehus, T., Kotzab, H., 2012. Strategies of Logistics, in: Kotzab, H. (Ed.), Comprehensive Logistics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 101–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. The First “Space Nation” Wants You To Live On Their Orbital Space Station [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-first-space-nation-wants-you-to-live-on-their-orbital-space-station/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. Information Technology: FBI Is Implementing Key Acquisition Methods on Its New Case Management System, but Related Agencywide Guidance Needs to Be Improved (No. GAO-08-1014). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen, H.M., 2009. Valuation effects and external adjustment (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J., 2016. Large Funds Are Dropping Investments in Fossil Fuels. New York Times B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sander, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Sander, 2012; Whalan and Webster, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Whalan and Webster, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
Abbreviation	Comput. Med. Imaging Graph.
ISSN (print)	0895-6111
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology