How to format your references using the Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Stewart, Cell biology. Nuclear export of small RNAs, Science 326 (2009) 1195–1196.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.E. Mitchell, A.G. Power, Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens, Nature 421 (2003) 625–627.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H. Müller, A. Peters, S. Chu, A precision measurement of the gravitational redshift by the interference of matter waves, Nature 463 (2010) 926–929.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

G.-C. Yuan, Y.-J. Liu, M.F. Dion, M.D. Slack, L.F. Wu, S.J. Altschuler, O.J. Rando, Genome-scale identification of nucleosome positions in S. cerevisiae, Science 309 (2005) 626–630.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Pahl, Interference Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

C. Staudter, Design for Six Sigma+Lean Toolset: Implementing Innovations Successfully, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

I. Nyström, P. Olsson, J. Nysjö, F. Nysjö, F. Malmberg, S. Seipel, J.-M. Hirsch, I.B. Carlbom, Virtual Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Planning with Stereo Graphics and Haptics, in: L.E. Ritacco, F.E. Milano, E. Chao (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Musculoskeletal Surgery: Thinking and Executing in 3D, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 29–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, SpaceX May Start Launches Again As Soon As November After Rocket Explosion, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/spacex-may-start-launches-again-as-soon-as-november-after-rocket-explosion/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Safety: System Safety Approach Needs Further Integration into FAA’s Oversight of Airlines, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.C. Grantham, Dual Eligibles’ Experience of Care in North Carolina’s Patient-Centered Medical Home, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Koblin, JonBenet Ramsey Case to Again Haunt TV, New York Times (2016) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
ISSN (print)	0169-2607
Scope	Computer Science Applications Software Health Informatics