How to format your references using the Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Capel, Development. The minimalist Y, Science. 343 (2014) 32–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.K. Newman, J.F. Banfield, Geomicrobiology: how molecular-scale interactions underpin biogeochemical systems, Science. 296 (2002) 1071–1077.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.R. Ginsberg, R.A. Rubin, M.R. Natowicz, Patterning of regional gene expression in autism: new complexity, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1831.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Toyama, X.G. Peralta, A.R. Wells, D.P. Kiehart, G.S. Edwards, Apoptotic force and tissue dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis, Science. 321 (2008) 1683–1686.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Best, Implementing Value at Risk, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

K.I. Bland, M.W. Büchler, A. Csendes, M.G. Sarr, O.J. Garden, J. Wong, eds., General Surgery, Springer, London, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T.A. Runkler, Comparing Partitions by Subset Similarities, in: E. Hüllermeier, R. Kruse, F. Hoffmann (Eds.), Computational Intelligence for Knowledge-Based Systems Design: 13th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty, IPMU 2010, Dortmund, Germany, June 28 - July 2, 2010. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 29–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Five Phenomenal Science Stunts Done With Dry Ice, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/five-phenomenal-science-stunts-done-dry-ice/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: TSA Should Take Additional Action to Obtain Stakeholder Input when Modifying the Prohibited Items List, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.S. Lewis, Identification of Stress-Responsive Genes in the Early Larval Stage of the Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B.K.B. Kelly, A. Writer, has covered Chicago politics for eight years, CHICAGO AND ITS MAYOR, TWO YEARS LATER, New York Times. (1985) 123.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
ISSN (print)	0169-2607
Scope	Computer Science Applications Software Health Informatics