How to format your references using the Computer Assisted Language Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Assisted Language Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Doms, R. W. (2010). Immunology. Prime, boost, and broaden. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5995), 1021–1022.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wenseleers, T., & Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2006). Enforced altruism in insect societies. Nature, 444(7115), 50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Belonoshko, A. B., Ahuja, R., & Johansson, B. (2003). Stability of the body-centred-cubic phase of iron in the Earth’s inner core. Nature, 424(6952), 1032–1034.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Fraidenraich, D., Stillwell, E., Romero, E., Wilkes, D., Manova, K., Basson, C. T., & Benezra, R. (2004). Rescue of cardiac defects in id knockout embryos by injection of embryonic stem cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5694), 247–252.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Behme, S. (2015). Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Miles, I. (2016). Foresight for Science, Technology and Innovation (O. Saritas & A. Sokolov, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, C., & Balch, W. E. (2016). Managing the Adaptive Proteostatic Landscape: Restoring Resilience in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. In A. Wanner & R. A. Sandhaus (Eds.), Alpha-1 Antitrypsin: Role in Health and Disease (pp. 53–83). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Assisted Language Learning.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2017, June 7). Sleeping In On A Weekend Is Bad For Your Health, Study Finds. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/weekend-social-jet-lag-is-bad-for-our-health/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). District of Columbia Public Education: Agencies Have Enhanced Internal Controls Over Federal Payments for School Improvement, But More Consistent Monitoring Needed (GAO-11-16). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zuckerman, T. (2017). The Effect of Communication Between Parents and their Emerging Adult Offspring on Depression and Career Search Self-efficacy [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L. (2012, July 15). Mystery House. New York Times, ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Doms, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Doms, 2010; Wenseleers & Ratnieks, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wenseleers & Ratnieks, 2006)
Three authors: (Belonoshko et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Fraidenraich et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Assisted Language Learning
Abbreviation	Comput. Assist. Lang. Learn.
ISSN (print)	0958-8221
ISSN (online)	1744-3210
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Linguistics and Language

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