How to format your references using the Computer Assisted Language Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Assisted Language Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton, D. D. (2007). History of science. Hoyle’s equation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5858), 1876–1877.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fernandez, J. M., & Li, H. (2004). Force-clamp spectroscopy monitors the folding trajectory of a single protein. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5664), 1674–1678.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saitta, E. K. H., Legron-Rodriguez, T., & Bowdon, M. A. (2013). IBI* series winner. An inquiry into the water around us. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6149), 971–972.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ko, W., Jeon, I., Kim, H. W., Kwon, H., Kahng, S.-J., Park, J., Kim, J. S., Hwang, S. W., & Suh, H. (2013). Atomic and electronic structure of an alloyed topological insulator, Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3. Scientific Reports, 3, 2656.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Armstrong, R. A., & Hilton, A. C. (2010). Statistical Analysis in Microbiology: Statnotes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zabel, H., & Bader, S. D. (Eds.). (2008). Magnetic Heterostructures: Advances and Perspectives in Spinstructures and Spintransport (Vol. 227). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wu, S., Fan, Y., & Tian, Y. (2013). Colorectal Surgery. In S. Wu, Y. Fan, & Y. Tian (Eds.), Atlas of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Operations in General Surgery (pp. 95–182). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Assisted Language Learning.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, November 25). The Membranes Covering The Brain Are Loaded With Neuronal Stem Cells. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/membranes-covering-loaded-neuronal-stem-cells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1970). Controls Over Computer-Generated Output at the Naval Supply Center, Oakland (092817). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hawkins, A. J. (2013). Measurement of the spacial distribution of heat exchange in a geothermal analog bedrock site using fiber-otic distributed temperature sensing [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2012, May 4). Settlement Money Patched Nassau County Budget Gaps. New York Times, B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clayton, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Clayton, 2007; Fernandez & Li, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fernandez & Li, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Ko et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Assisted Language Learning
Abbreviation	Comput. Assist. Lang. Learn.
ISSN (print)	0958-8221
ISSN (online)	1744-3210
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Linguistics and Language