How to format your references using the Computational Particle Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computational Particle Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clack JA (2004) Paleontology. From fins to fingers. Science 304:57–58

A journal article with 2 authors

Coles HJ, Pivnenko MN (2005) Liquid crystal “blue phases” with a wide temperature range. Nature 436:997–1000

A journal article with 3 authors

Logoteta D, Fiori G, Iannaccone G (2014) Graphene-based lateral heterostructure transistors exhibit better intrinsic performance than graphene-based vertical transistors as post-CMOS devices. Sci Rep 4:6607

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shen J-X, Feng AS, Xu Z-M, et al (2008) Ultrasonic frogs show hyperacute phonotaxis to female courtship calls. Nature 453:914–916

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Arendt JS, Lorenzo DK (2000) Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Axelsson S (2006) Understanding Intrusion Detection Through Visualization. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Bleyer A, Budd T, Montello M (2007) Older Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, and Clinical Trials: Lack of Participation and Progress in North America. In: Bleyer WA, Barr RD (eds) Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 71–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computational Particle Mechanics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) There’s A “Blue Moon” This Friday - But What Does That Mean? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-out-fridays-blue-moon/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004) Space Shuttle: Costs for Hubble Servicing Mission and Implementation of Safety Recommendations Not Yet Definitive. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shipe RL (2015) Creating productive ambiguity: A visual research narrative. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) ‘La La Land’ Music Jumps to No. 2. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computational Particle Mechanics
Abbreviation	Comput. Part. Mech.
ISSN (print)	2196-4378
ISSN (online)	2196-4386
Scope

Research and Writing Guides