How to format your references using the Computational Particle Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computational Particle Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seitz F (2000) Decline of the generalist. Nature 403:483

A journal article with 2 authors

Reches Z, Lockner DA (2010) Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication. Nature 467:452–455

A journal article with 3 authors

Takahashi K, Mitsui K, Yamanaka S (2003) Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 423:541–545

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yue L, Peng JB, Hediger MA, Clapham DE (2001) CaT1 manifests the pore properties of the calcium-release-activated calcium channel. Nature 410:705–709

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hood D, Trojer E (2012) Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Godara B, Nikita KS (2013) Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare: Third International Conference, MobiHealth 2012, Paris, France, November 21-23, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Stojadinović S, Vasilić R, Kasalica B, et al (2014) Luminescence During the Electrochemical Oxidation of Aluminum. In: Djokić SS (ed) Electrodeposition and Surface Finishing: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, New York, NY, pp 241–302

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computational Particle Mechanics.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Colorful Map Reveals Microwaves In The Milky Way Produced By “Spinning Dust.” In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/colourful-map-reveals-microwaves-milky-way-produced-spinning-dust/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) District of Columbia Public Schools: Availability of Funds and the Cost of FY 1997 Roof Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson TF (2017) The Aircraft Electric Taxi System: A Qualitative Multi Case Study. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Perlroth N, Wines M, Rosenberg M (2017) Little Effort to Investigate in States Targeted by Election Hacking. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computational Particle Mechanics
Abbreviation	Comput. Part. Mech.
ISSN (print)	2196-4378
ISSN (online)	2196-4386
Scope