How to format your references using the Computational Particle Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computational Particle Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klein J (2000) Smart polymer solutions. Nature 405:745, 747

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosen JM, Jordan CT (2009) The increasing complexity of the cancer stem cell paradigm. Science 324:1670–1673

A journal article with 3 authors

Hansell DA, Kadko D, Bates NR (2004) Degradation of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in the western Arctic Ocean. Science 304:858–861

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Setiawan J, Henning T, Launhardt R, et al (2008) A young massive planet in a star-disk system. Nature 451:38–41

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bill Huitt WM (2016) Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Langlois WE (2014) Slow Viscous Flow, 2nd ed. 2014. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Tsukai M, Okumura M (2013) Interregional Tourism Demand and Destination Management. In: Fujiwara A, Zhang J (eds) Sustainable Transport Studies in Asia. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 113–135

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computational Particle Mechanics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Do Try This At Home. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/do-try-home/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Need for More Effective Audits of Federal Grants and Contracts Administered by Institutions of Higher Education. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shah RA (2010) Who am I? A biracial and interfaith woman’s perspective: A personal narrative. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dudziak ML (2013) Obama’s Nixonian Precedent. New York Times A29

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computational Particle Mechanics
Abbreviation	Comput. Part. Mech.
ISSN (print)	2196-4378
ISSN (online)	2196-4386
Scope