How to format your references using the Comparative Migration Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Migration Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E (2008) Science careers. Playing well with industry. Science 319:1548–1551

A journal article with 2 authors

Laage D, Hynes JT (2006) A molecular jump mechanism of water reorientation. Science 311:832–835

A journal article with 3 authors

Provencio I, Rollag MD, Castrucci AM (2002) Photoreceptive net in the mammalian retina. This mesh of cells may explain how some blind mice can still tell day from night. Nature 415:493

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Feely RA, Sabine CL, Lee K, et al (2004) Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305:362–366

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Neave EH (2009) Modern Financial Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Grünig R (2006) Process-based Strategic Planning, Fourth Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Orton DC (2016) Archaeology as a Tool for Understanding Past Marine Resource Use and Its Impact. In: Schwerdtner Máñez K, Poulsen B (eds) Perspectives on Oceans Past. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 47–69

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Migration Studies.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) Scientists Forced To Abandon Antarctic Lab For Winter Due To Growing Ice Crack. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-forced-to-abandon-antarctic-lab-for-winter-due-to-growing-ice-crack/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) K-12 Education: Most Eighth Grade Students Are Not Proficient in Geography. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swofford DM (2009) Impact of a pharmaceutical company’s leadership development program on participant leadership behavior. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vernon J (2016) The Emperor Makes a Friend. New York Times BR27

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pain 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Laage and Hynes 2006; Pain 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Laage and Hynes 2006)
Three or more authors: (Feely et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Migration Studies
Abbreviation	Comp. Migr. Stud.
ISSN (online)	2214-594X
Scope