How to format your references using the Comparative Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Eisenstein M. Centenarians: Great expectations. Nature. 2012;492:S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. West SA, Peters AD. Paying for sex is not easy. Nature. 2000;407:962.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Toyoshima C, Nomura H, Tsuda T. Lumenal gating mechanism revealed in calcium pump crystal structures with phosphate analogues. Nature. 2004;432:361–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Caramazza A, Chialant D, Capasso R, Miceli G. Separable processing of consonants and vowels. Nature. 2000;403:428–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Danby FW. Acne. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Alaca A, Alaca Ş, Williams KS, editors. Advances in the Theory of Numbers: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference of the Canadian Number Theory Association. 1st ed. 2015. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Srinivasan S, Saghir MZ. CFD Studies in Thermodiffusion. In: Saghir MZ, editor. Thermodiffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures: Thermodynamic, Algebraic, and Neuro-Computing Models. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 65–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Hepatology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Thinking Outside the Lab: The Ascent of Citizen Science. IFLScience. 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/thinking-outside-lab-ascent-citizen-science/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Energy Research: Opportunities Exist to Recover Federal Investment in Technology Development Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ramirez BN. Middle School English Language Learner Electronic Media Usage and Its Relationship to Reading. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. ‘Biggest Fight’ Behind Her, Kvitova Returns Ahead of Schedule. New York Times. 2017;:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Hepatology
ISSN (print)	1476-5926
Scope