How to format your references using the Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Konecky B. Palaeoclimate: Monsoon matters. Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):445–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gantz VM, Bier E. Genome editing. The mutagenic chain reaction: a method for converting heterozygous to homozygous mutations. Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):442–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang YV, Ni J, Montell C. The molecular basis for attractive salt-taste coding in Drosophila. Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1334–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ivanova NB, Dimos JT, Schaniel C, Hackney JA, Moore KA, Lemischka IR. A stem cell molecular signature. Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):601–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kazimierczuk MK. RF Power Amplifiers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Goodarzi E. Introduction to Optimization Analysis in Hydrosystem Engineering. Ziaei M, Hosseinipour EZ, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XIII, 296 p. 152 illus., 143 illus. in color. (Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality; vol. 25).

A chapter in an edited book

Sanfilippo JS, Schwarz R. Lesbian Patients. In: Smith RP, editor. Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Handbook for Clinicians. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 75–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Images Of North Korea At Night. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/images-north-korea-night/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Lands: Information on the Use and Impact of Off-Highway Vehicles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Aug. Report No.: RCED-95-209.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

O’Connell M. Escaping intersections [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman R. Polish President Offers Plan to End Court Crisis, but the Response Is Tepid. New York Times. 2017 Sep 25;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5661
ISSN (online)	1600-0528
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Dentistry