How to format your references using the Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ebert D. Genomics. A genome for the environment. Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):539–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hellman A, Chess A. Gene body-specific methylation on the active X chromosome. Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1141–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Medina JF, Nores WL, Mauk MD. Inhibition of climbing fibres is a signal for the extinction of conditioned eyelid responses. Nature. 2002 Mar 21;416(6878):330–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schön JH, Kloc C, Hwang HY, Batlogg B. Josephson junctions with tunable weak links. Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):252–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dallas HJ. Mastering the Challenges of Leading change. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Jin H, Rana OF, Pan Y, Prasanna VK, editors. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 7th International Conference, ICA3PP 2007, Hangzhou, China, June 11-14, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XIV, 514 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4494).

A chapter in an edited book

Raiser K. Christianity and History. In: Raiser K, editor. Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Major Texts on Religion. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 36–48. (SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. In The Search For Alien Life, Little Green Men Are Out and Purple Bacteria Are In. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/search-alien-life-little-green-men-are-out-and-purple-bacteria-are/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Funds Misused by the School System in Trimble County, Kentucky. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 Dec. Report No.: B-164031(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Corbets JB. Evaluating System Architecture Quality and Architecting Team Performance Using Information Quality Theory [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Perabo S. When Good Mothers Bully Back. New York Times. 2017 Mar 10;ST8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5661
ISSN (online)	1600-0528
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Dentistry