How to format your references using the Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cummer SA. Applied physics. Selecting the direction of sound transmission. Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):495–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Banfield JF, Young M. Microbiology. Variety--the splice of life--in microbial communities. Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1198–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mason AC, Oshinsky ML, Hoy RR. Hyperacute directional hearing in a microscale auditory system. Nature. 2001 Apr 5;410(6829):686–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kumar PR, Yu Y, Sternglanz R, Johnston SA, Joshua-Tor L. NADP regulates the yeast GAL induction system. Science. 2008 Feb 22;319(5866):1090–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burghardt G, Walls B. Managed Futures for Institutional Investors. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Knahr K, editor. Total Hip Arthroplasty: Wear Behaviour of Different Articulations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. VIII, 187 p. 79 illus., 57 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Huang W, Gordon LS. Mixed Modeling for Physician-Direct Campaigns. In: Hu M, Liu Y, Lin J, editors. Topics in Applied Statistics: 2012 Symposium of the International Chinese Statistical Association. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 39–47. (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Researchers Reveal Blueprint For Quantum Computers. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-reveal-blueprint-for-quantum-computers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. A Working Glossary of Computer Software Terms. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Sep. Report No.: 090832.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Che H. Non-linear development of streaming instabilities in magnetic reconnection with a strong guide field [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. Off Without a Hitch. New York Times. 2013 Nov 4;F1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5661
ISSN (online)	1600-0528
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Dentistry