How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Silverman EK. Perspective: How can genetics help? Nature 2012;489:S7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Fernández-Martínez LT, Bibb MJ. Use of the meganuclease I-SceI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to select for gene deletions in actinomycetes. Sci Rep 2014;4:7100.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Campbell CT, Parker SC, Starr DE. The effect of size-dependent nanoparticle energetics on catalyst sintering. Science 2002;298:811–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ma D, Yang C-H, McNeill H, Simon MA, Axelrod JD. Fidelity in planar cell polarity signalling. Nature 2003;421:543–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Wagner-Martin L. A History of American Literature. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Ehrig H, Rensink A, Rozenberg G, Schürr A, editors. Graph Transformations: 5th International Conference, ICGT 2010, Enschede, The Netherlands, September 27–October 2, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 6372. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bagnara R, Rodríguez-Carbonell E, Zaffanella E. Generation of Basic Semi-algebraic Invariants Using Convex Polyhedra. In: Hankin C, Siveroni I, editors. Static Analysis: 12th International Symposium, SAS 2005, London, UK, September 7-9, 2005. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005, p. 19–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Our ‘Selfish’ Genes Contain The Seeds Of Our Destruction – But There Might Be A Fix. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/our-selfish-genes-contain-the-seeds-of-our-destruction-but-there-might-be-a-fix/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: States Benefit From Block Grant Flexibility. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ratzlaff K. Dynamics of chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) infection in amphibians in the Rincon Mountains and Tucson, Arizona. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Letter of the Law 1, Proportion 0. New York Times 2011:SP4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1443
Scope

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