How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Landis GA. Avatars in space. Nature 2000;403:833.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kahane G, Shackel N. Do abnormal responses show utilitarian bias? Nature 2008;452:E5; author reply E5-6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Do-Monte FH, Quiñones-Laracuente K, Quirk GJ. A temporal shift in the circuits mediating retrieval of fear memory. Nature 2015;519:460–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Poskanzer KE, Marek KW, Sweeney ST, Davis GW. Synaptotagmin I is necessary for compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis in vivo. Nature 2003;426:559–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

McGrath AE. Luther’s Theology of the Cross. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gherbawy Y, Voigt K, editors. Molecular Identification of Fungi. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gribble CP. Interactive Particle Visualisation. In: Liere R, Adriaansen T, Zudilova-Seinstra E, editors. Trends in Interactive Visualization: State-of-the-Art Survey, London: Springer; 2009, p. 79–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Dental Plaque Reveals Pre-Agriculture Plant Food For Humans. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dental-plaque-reveals-pre-agriculture-plant-food-humans/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. EPA: Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Highway Heavy-Duty Engines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Penix-Tadsen P. Marketing marginality: Resistance and commodification in contemporary Latin American cultural production. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Puerto Rico’s Debt Rescue Plan Is Being Called Into Question. New York Times 2015:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1443
Scope