How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gates BD. Materials science. Flexible electronics. Science 2009;323:1566–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Marti K, Kerridge J. Planetary science. Nitrogen in the solar system. Science 2010;328:1112–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Vinther J, Van Roy P, Briggs DEG. Machaeridians are Palaeozoic armoured annelids. Nature 2008;451:185–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miyasaka K, Aozasa K, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, et al. Autoimmune disease and impaired uptake of apoptotic cells in MFG-E8-deficient mice. Science 2004;304:1147–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dunne RA. A Statistical Approach to Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Vaamonde D, du Plessis SS, Agarwal A, editors. Exercise and Human Reproduction: Induced Fertility Disorders and Possible Therapies. New York, NY: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Spratt JC. When and How to Perform an Antegrade Approach Using a Wire Escalation Technique. In: Rinfret S, editor. Percutaneous Intervention for Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: The Hybrid Approach, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 43–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Diver Nearly Gets Swallowed By Whale. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/diver-nearly-gets-swallowed-whale/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Public Community Colleges and Technical Schools: Most Schools Use Both Credit and Noncredit Programs for Workforce Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Becker M. Women’s Descriptions Six Months Post Notification of Positive BRCA 1/2 Genetic Mutations. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. Time Nearly Stands Still. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1443
Scope