How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hellemans A. Cantilever tales. Science 2000;290:1529.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cooper VS, Lenski RE. The population genetics of ecological specialization in evolving Escherichia coli populations. Nature 2000;407:736–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Xue S, Calvin K, Li H. RNA recognition and cleavage by a splicing endonuclease. Science 2006;312:906–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Alvarez JI, Dodelet-Devillers A, Kebir H, Ifergan I, Fabre PJ, Terouz S, et al. The Hedgehog pathway promotes blood-brain barrier integrity and CNS immune quiescence. Science 2011;334:1727–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pascoe N. Reliability Technology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Mansour N, Al-Shamrani S, editors. Science Education in the Arab Gulf States: Visions, Sociocultural Contexts and Challenges. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Golovin AA. Interfacial Phenomena in Materials Science. In: Colinet P, Nepomnyashchy A, editors. Pattern Formation at Interfaces, Vienna: Springer; 2010, p. 219–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. NASA To Announce A Huge Discovery Outside The Solar System This Wednesday. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-to-announce-huge-discovery-outside-the-solar-system-this-wednesday/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Government Aircraft: Observations on Travel by Senior Officials. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Filomena TP. Technology portfolio and capacity expansion under uncertainty. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Gorman J. Kangaroo Rats Outjump Rattlesnakes. New York Times 2017:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1443
Scope