How to format your references using the Clinical Therapeutics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Therapeutics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Putterman L. Behavior. Cooperation and punishment. Science. 2010;328(5978):578-579.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaasik K, Lee CC. Reciprocal regulation of haem biosynthesis and the circadian clock in mammals. Nature. 2004;430(6998):467-471.

A journal article with 3 authors

Linnerooth-Bayer J, Mechler R, Pflug G. Refocusing disaster aid. Science. 2005;309(5737):1044-1046.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Stayrook S, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Ni J, Hochschild A, Lewis M. Crystal structure of the lambda repressor and a model for pairwise cooperative operator binding. Nature. 2008;452(7190):1022-1025.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ramm AG, Hoang NS. Dynamical Systems Method and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Shi B, Sommerlad BC, eds. Cleft Lip and Palate Primary Repair. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Mason HD, Dilaver N, Rice S. Ovarian Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In: Pal L, ed. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current and Emerging Concepts. Springer; 2014:53-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Therapeutics.

Blog post

Fang J. Early Australians Overlapped With Giant, Predatory Lizards. IFLScience. Published September 26, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/early-australians-overlapped-giant-lizards-during-ice-age/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Emergency Communications: Survey of Selected Federal Agencies’ Use and Procurement of Land Mobile Radio Equipment (GAO-17-13SP, October 5, 2016), an E-Supplement to GAO-17-12. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsieh HC. Self-Access Center and Autonomous Learning: EFL College Students’ Motivations, Activities and Perceptions of Learning Effectiveness. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E, Bradsher K. After Pair of Crashes in 2 Months, Navy Will Pause for Safety Check. New York Times. August 21, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Therapeutics
Abbreviation	Clin. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0149-2918
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology