How to format your references using the Clinical Therapeutics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Therapeutics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foley JA. AtmospheRIC science. Tipping points in the tundra. Science. 2005;310(5748):627-628.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enquist BJ, Niklas KJ. Invariant scaling relations across tree-dominated communities. Nature. 2001;410(6829):655-660.

A journal article with 3 authors

Orihara Y, Kamogawa M, Nagao T. Preseismic changes of the level and temperature of confined groundwater related to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6907.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Herndon LA, Schmeissner PJ, Dudaronek JM, et al. Stochastic and genetic factors influence tissue-specific decline in ageing C. elegans. Nature. 2002;419(6909):808-814.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Welker RW, Nagarajan R, Newberg CE. Contamination and ESD Control in High-Technology Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Qian Z, Cao L, Su W, Wang T, Yang H, eds. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering: Volume 4. Vol 127. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Shen Z, Yin R, Qi J. Land Cover Changes in Northeast China from the late 1970s to 2004. In: Yin R, ed. An Integrated Assessment of China’s Ecological Restoration Programs. Springer Netherlands; 2009:55-67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Therapeutics.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Star-Shaped Polymers Developed That Can Kill Superbugs Without Antibiotics. IFLScience. October 4, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/starshaped-polymers-developed-that-can-kill-superbugs-without-antibiotics/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Buy America Requirements: Federal Enforcement Questioned in Sacramento Mass Transit Procurement. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Prochorchik VL. Increasing Infant Mental Health Awareness. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hanc J. Skills-Gap Fixes. New York Times. June 7, 2017:F4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Therapeutics
Abbreviation	Clin. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0149-2918
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology