How to format your references using the Clinical Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fairley P. Introduction: Next generation biofuels. Nature. 474(7352), S2-5 (2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang Y, Lisberger SG. Purkinje-cell plasticity and cerebellar motor learning are graded by complex-spike duration. Nature. 510(7506), 529–532 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

Yonezawa H, Aoki T, Furusawa A. Demonstration of a quantum teleportation network for continuous variables. Nature. 431(7007), 430–433 (2004).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rietze RL, Valcanis H, Brooker GF, Thomas T, Voss AK, Bartlett PF. Purification of a pluripotent neural stem cell from the adult mouse brain. Nature. 412(6848), 736–739 (2001).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Spector P. Understanding Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Batten L, Li G, Niu W, Warren M, editors. Applications and Techniques in Information Security: 5th International Conference, ATIS 2014, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, November 26-28, 2014. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Taiana R-D. Systematics and Ecology of Tropical Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Using Molecular Approaches. In: Diversity and Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Rai M, Varma A (Eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 67–85 (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Practice.

Blog post

Andrew E. Would You Eat Synthetic Shrimp? [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/startup-making-synthetic-lab-grown-shrimp/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Undeclared Air Shipments of Dangerous Goods and DOT’s Enforcement Approach. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lavoie D. Ecotone. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Erlanger S, Bennhold K, Castle S. Britain’s Rebuke Of Its Leadership Upends E.U. Exit. New York Times, A1 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Practice
Abbreviation	Clin. Pract. (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	2044-9038
ISSN (online)	2044-9046
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)