How to format your references using the Clinical Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crowe JE Jr. Immunology. Crowdsourcing immunity. Science. 340(6133), 692–693 (2013).

A journal article with 2 authors

Darios F, Davletov B. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids stimulate cell membrane expansion by acting on syntaxin 3. Nature. 440(7085), 813–817 (2006).

A journal article with 3 authors

Su Q-P, Yang C-P, Zheng S-B. Fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in circuit QED. Sci. Rep. 4, 3898 (2014).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Torrelles JM, Patel NA, Gómez JF, et al. Spherical episodic ejection of material from a young star. Nature. 411(6835), 277–280 (2001).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Omura G, Benton BC. Mastering AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.

An edited book

Koide N, editor. The Liquid Crystal Display Story: 50 Years of Liquid Crystal R&D that lead The Way to the Future. Springer Japan, Tokyo.

A chapter in an edited book

Rao YS, Dutta R. Decentralized Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme with Fast Decryption. In: Communications and Multimedia Security: 14th IFIP TC 6/TC 11 International Conference, CMS 2013, Magdeburg, Germany, September 25-26, 2013. Proceedings. Decker BD, Dittmann J, Kraetzer C, Vielhauer C (Eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 66–81 (2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Practice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Most Powerful Known Aurora In The Universe Spotted On “Failed Star” 18 Light-Years Away [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/most-powerful-aurora-universe-spotted-brown-dwarf-18-light-years-away/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost Control Difficulties Continue. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stein E. Oncology Summer Camp Attendance and Self-Esteem and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors Among Pediatric Cancer Patients and Siblings. (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chen DW. Remembering a SEALs Parachutist Who ‘Lived Life to the Fullest.’ New York Times, A19 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Practice
Abbreviation	Clin. Pract. (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	2044-9038
ISSN (online)	2044-9046
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)