How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition Supplements citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition Supplements. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A. Science in culture: Visual zoology. Historical wall charts found in Pavia. Nature. 2003;421(6923):580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tani K, Stoltz BM. Synthesis and structural analysis of 2-quinuclidonium tetrafluoroborate. Nature. 2006;441(7094):731-734.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tripati AK, Roberts CD, Eagle RA. Coupling of CO2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science. 2009;326(5958):1394-1397.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee HH, Norris A, Weiss JB, Frasch M. Jelly belly protein activates the receptor tyrosine kinase Alk to specify visceral muscle pioneers. Nature. 2003;425(6957):507-512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morocco CC, Aguilar CM, Bershad C, Kotula AW, Hindin A. Supported Literacy for Adolescents. Jossey-Bass; 2008.

An edited book

Michel RP, Berry GJ, eds. Pathology of Transplantation: A Practical Diagnostic Approach. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Roth-Bejerano N, Navarro-Ródenas A, Gutiérrez A. Types of Mycorrhizal Association. In: Kagan-Zur V, Roth-Bejerano N, Sitrit Y, Morte A, eds. Desert Truffles: Phylogeny, Physiology, Distribution and Domestication. Soil Biology. Springer; 2014:69-80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition Supplements.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Astronomers Discover Incredibly Rare Double-Ringed Galaxy. IFLScience. January 4, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-discover-incredibly-rare-doubleringed-galaxy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Direct Student Loans. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eller LS. Social Media as Avenue for Personal Learning for Educators: Personal Learning Networks Encourage Application of Knowledge and Skills. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Homey Food That Speaks Of Brazil. New York Times. April 27, 2008:NJ22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition Supplements
ISSN (print)	1744-1161
Scope