How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition ESPEN citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lavé J. Earth science: Landscape inversion by stream piracy. Nature 2015;520:442–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Mitchell-Olds T, Knight CA. Evolution. Chaperones as buffering agents? Science 2002;296:2348–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Salter MG, Franklin KA, Whitelam GC. Gating of the rapid shade-avoidance response by the circadian clock in plants. Nature 2003;426:680–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Huang Y, Fang J, Bedford MT, Zhang Y, Xu R-M. Recognition of histone H3 lysine-4 methylation by the double tudor domain of JMJD2A. Science 2006;312:748–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Smeets R, der Sluis L van, Kapetanović M, Peelo DF, Janssen A. Switching in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Luch A, editor. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology: Volume 3: Environmental Toxicology. vol. 101. Basel: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Botsch M, Bommes D, Kobbelt L. Efficient Linear System Solvers for Mesh Processing. In: Martin R, Bez H, Sabin M, editors. Mathematics of Surfaces XI: 11th IMA International Conference, Loughborough, UK, September 5-7, 2005. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005, p. 62–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Astronomers Present Sharpest Images Yet Of Gas Cloud Passing Supermassive Black Hole. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Record Linkage and Privacy: Issues in Creating New Federal Research and Statistical Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Holliday S. A case study of how DuPont reduced its environment footprint: The role of organizational change in sustainability. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Relatives of Flight 93 Victims Run to Keep Memories Alive. New York Times 2011:B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr. ESPEN
ISSN (print)	2405-4577
Scope