How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition ESPEN citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Treviño M. Stimulus similarity determines the prevalence of behavioral laterality in a visual discrimination task for mice. Sci Rep 2014;4:7569.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Littman DR, Singh H. Immunology. Asymmetry and immune memory. Science 2007;315:1673–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Nykypanchuk D, Strey HH, Hoagland DA. Brownian motion of DNA confined within a two-dimensional array. Science 2002;297:987–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mikkola HKA, Klintman J, Yang H, Hock H, Schlaeger TM, Fujiwara Y, et al. Haematopoietic stem cells retain long-term repopulating activity and multipotency in the absence of stem-cell leukaemia SCL/tal-1 gene. Nature 2003;421:547–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

McGrath AE. Luther’s Theology of the Cross. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Hosseini S. Novel Polymeric Biochips for Enhanced Detection of Infectious Diseases. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kontorovich V, Lovtchikova Z. Cumulant Analysis of Strange Attractors: Theory and Applications. In: Kyamakya K, Halang WA, Unger H, Chedjou JC, Rulkov NF, Li Z, editors. Recent Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization: Theory and Applications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 77–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Planetary And Human Health - One Coin, Two Sides. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/planetary-and-human-health-one-coin-two-sides/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Status of the Transition to the Future Air Traffic Control System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bubert EA. Highly extensible skin for a variable wing-span morphing aircraft utilizing pneumatic artificial muscle actuation. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Marshall L. From Granny’s Store to G.M. New York Times 2011:BU9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr. ESPEN
ISSN (print)	2405-4577
Scope