How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition ESPEN citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Asthma study death spurs inquiry. Nature 2001;411:873.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Beagle SD, Lockless SW. Microbiology: Electrical signalling goes bacterial. Nature 2015;527:44–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Culler SJ, Hoff KG, Smolke CD. Reprogramming cellular behavior with RNA controllers responsive to endogenous proteins. Science 2010;330:1251–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Nemani RR, Keeling CD, Hashimoto H, Jolly WM, Piper SC, Tucker CJ, et al. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999. Science 2003;300:1560–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lunt RR, Cunic JD. Profiles in Flue Gas Desulfurization. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2000.

An edited book

[1]

Tomalty R. America’s Urban Future: Lessons from North of the Border. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fort J, Isern N, Jerardino A, Rondelli B. Population Spread and Cultural Transmission in Neolithic Transitions. In: Barceló JA, Del Castillo F, editors. Simulating Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 189–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Our Stone Tool Discovery Pushes Back The Archaeological Record By 700,000 Years. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Decision To Close the Sacramento Loan Guaranty Office and Planned Study of Other Loan Guaranty Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Olson CR. Population genetic structure of two abyssal grenadiers of the north Atlantic and northeastern Pacific oceans. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. As a Hotel Goes Up, So Does The Unease of the Neighbors. New York Times 2001:147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr. ESPEN
ISSN (print)	2405-4577
Scope