How to format your references using the Clinical Neuroradiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neuroradiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Trainor P. Development. The bills of qucks and duails. Science. 2003;299:523–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nandy D, Choudhuri AR. Explaining the latitudinal distribution of sunspots with deep meridional flow. Science. 2002;296:1671–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Miller-Butterworth CM, Jacobs DS, Harley EH. Strong population substructure is correlated with morphology and ecology in a migratory bat. Nature. 2003;424:187–91.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Terada K, Anand M, Sokol AK, Bischoff A, Sano Y. Cryptomare magmatism 4.35 Gyr ago recorded in lunar meteorite Kalahari 009. Nature. 2007;450:849–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tapiero CS. Risk Finance and Asset Pricing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Gayraud T, Mazzella M, Boavida F, Monteiro E, Orvalho J, editors. Broadband Satellite Comunication Systems and the Challenges of Mobility: IFIP TC6 Workshops on Broadband Satellite Communication Systems and Challenges of Mobility, World Computer Congress, August 22–27, 2004, Toulouse, France. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kang Y. Bilateral FDI Relations Between China and New Zealand: General Trends, Driving Forces and Perceptions. In: Kang Y, editor. China, New Zealand, and the Complexities of Globalization: Asymmetry, Complementarity, and Competition. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016. p. 141–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neuroradiology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. New Images Of Pluto From New Horizons Will Arrive This Week [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-horizons-will-start-sending-new-images-pluto-back-week/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information System Security in Federal Civilian Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987 May. Report No.: T-IMTEC-87-7.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Witt SR. A Study of the Relationship of Online Course Factors and Passing or Failing an Online Course [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Big Setback For Wright; Season Ends For Cespedes. New York Times. 2017 Aug 29;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neuroradiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Neuroradiol.
ISSN (print)	1869-1439
ISSN (online)	1869-1447
Scope