How to format your references using the Clinical Neuroradiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neuroradiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dernburg AF. Molecular biology. RNA plays meiotic matchmaker. Science. 2012;336:681–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lynd LR, Woods J. Perspective: A new hope for Africa. Nature. 2011;474:S20-1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li C, Zhou A, Sang T. Rice domestication by reducing shattering. Science. 2006;311:1936–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wang C, Ma L, Liao L, Bai S, Long R, Zuo M, et al. A unique platinum-graphene hybrid structure for high activity and durability in oxygen reduction reaction. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2580.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Stanoyevitch A. Introduction to Numerical Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations Using MATLAB®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

1. Mutsvairo B, editor. Digital Activism in the Social Media Era: Critical Reflections on Emerging Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bansaye V, Méléard S. Feller Diffusion with Random Catastrophes. In: Bansaye V, editor. Stochastic Models for Structured Populations: Scaling Limits and Long Time Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 39–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neuroradiology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Poor Nutrition May Be Another Reason For The Declining Honey Bee Population [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/poor-nutrition-may-be-another-reason-declining-honey-bee-population/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Head Start: Research Insufficient to Assess Program Impact. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Mar. Report No.: T-HEHS-98-126.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Cuvar KM. Balanced and collaborative outsourcing of IT services: A qualitative Delphi study of enterprise partnerships [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Stewart JB. Social Investing Entices Converts. New York Times. 2017 Apr 13;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neuroradiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Neuroradiol.
ISSN (print)	1869-1439
ISSN (online)	1869-1447
Scope