How to format your references using the Clinical Neuroradiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neuroradiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nichols S. Experimental philosophy and the problem of free will. Science. 2011;331:1401–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Deckert R, Dameris M. Atmospheric science. From ocean to stratosphere. Science. 2008;322:53–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ahlberg PE, Clack JA, Blom H. The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. Nature. 2005;437:137–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Boehr DD, McElheny D, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. The dynamic energy landscape of dihydrofolate reductase catalysis. Science. 2006;313:1638–42.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Reinhard P-G, Suraud E. Introduction to Cluster Dynamics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2008.

An edited book

1. Weichold M, Hamdi M, Shakir MZ, Abdallah M, Karagiannidis GK, Ismail M, editors. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks: 10th International Conference, CROWNCOM 2015, Doha, Qatar, April 21-23, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Watson RNM. Towards a Theory of Application Compartmentalisation (Transcript of Discussion). In: Christianson B, Malcolm J, Stajano F, Anderson J, Bonneau J, editors. Security Protocols XXI: 21st International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, March 19-20, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 28–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neuroradiology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. 508-Million-Year-Old Fossil “Ice Cream Cone With Tentacles” Finally Classified [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/508millionyearold-fossil-ice-cream-cone-with-tentacles-finally-classified/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Survival of Higher Education in the Years Ahead. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Apr. Report No.: 094587.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hawkins JT. A Private Solution to a Public Problem: Managing Hydraulic Fracturing Risks by Enhancing Private Governance through Mandatory Insurance Requirements [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gaitskill M. An Unknowable Truth. New York Times. 2015 Dec 4;M2174.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neuroradiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Neuroradiol.
ISSN (print)	1869-1439
ISSN (online)	1869-1447
Scope