How to format your references using the Clinical Epigenetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epigenetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pellegrino JW. Proficiency in science: assessment challenges and opportunities. Science. 2013;340:320–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nabel CS, Kohli RM. Molecular biology. Demystifying DNA demethylation. Science. 2011;333:1229–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Moyen J-F, Stevens G, Kisters A. Record of mid-Archaean subduction from metamorphism in the Barberton terrain, South Africa. Nature. 2006;442:559–62.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. LeCouter J, Moritz DR, Li B, Phillips GL, Liang XH, Gerber H-P, et al. Angiogenesis-independent endothelial protection of liver: role of VEGFR-1. Science. 2003;299:890–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Barnes P. The JCT 05 Standard Building Sub-Contract. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Moemeka E. Real World Windows 10 Development. Second Edition. Moemeka E, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Pedersen A. Frameworks for Tourism as a Development Strategy. In: McCool SF, Bosak K, editors. Reframing Sustainable Tourism. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016. p. 47–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epigenetics.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Beaked Whale Smashes Record with Nearly 2-Mile Dive [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/beaked-whale-smashes-record-nearly-2-mile-dive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Education Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: OCG-93-18TR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Belletti A. Trumpet Practice: Habits and Goals [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. Letting Nothing Stop the Streak. New York Times. 1999 Nov 8;F3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epigenetics
Abbreviation	Clin. Epigenetics
ISSN (online)	1868-7083
Scope	Developmental Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Genetics(clinical)

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