How to format your references using the Clinical Epigenetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epigenetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Out in the cold. Nature. 2005;434:935.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chou K-M, Cheng Y-C. An exonucleolytic activity of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease on 3’ mispaired DNA. Nature. 2002;415:655–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Foster SL, Hargreaves DC, Medzhitov R. Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications. Nature. 2007;447:972–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bram Y, Frydman-Marom A, Yanai I, Gilead S, Shaltiel-Karyo R, Amdursky N, et al. Apoptosis induced by islet amyloid polypeptide soluble oligomers is neutralized by diabetes-associated specific antibodies. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. American Institute of Timber Constr. Timber Construction Manual. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Kalet A, Chou CL, editors. Remediation in Medical Education: A Mid-Course Correction. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Vu HT, Dassopoulos T. Principles of Medical Management of Ulcerative Colitis. In: Lichtenstein GR, editor. Medical Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 31–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epigenetics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Find Four New Species Of Tooth-Frogs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-find-four-new-tooth-frog-species/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Highway Financing: Factors Affecting Highway Trust Fund Revenues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 May. Report No.: GAO-02-667T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bigelow RW. Perception of Online Legal Education among Recently Retired Law School Faculty [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Weiser B, Protess B. New Chief for U.S. Crime Division. New York Times. 2016 Oct 18;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epigenetics
Abbreviation	Clin. Epigenetics
ISSN (online)	1868-7083
Scope	Developmental Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Genetics(clinical)