How to format your references using the Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zerhouni E. Medicine. The NIH Roadmap. Science. 2003;302(5642):63-72.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cane MA, Evans M. CLIMATE VARIABILITY: Enhanced: Do the Tropics Rule? Science. 2000;290(5494):1107-1108.

A journal article with 3 authors

Osi A, Butler RJ, Weishampel DB. A Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from Europe with Asian affinities. Nature. 2010;465(7297):466-468.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Asters MC, Williams WP, Perkins AD, Mylroie JE, Windham GL, Shan X. Relating significance and relations of differentially expressed genes in response to Aspergillus flavus infection in maize. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4815.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bradford R. Is Shakespeare Any Good? John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Skorokhod AV. Basic Principles and Applications of Probability Theory. (Prokhorov YV, ed.). Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Daněk M, Kafka L, Kohout L, Sýkora J, Bartosiński R. UTLEON3 Programming by Example. In: Kafka L, Kohout L, Sýkora J, Bartosinski R, eds. UTLEON3: Exploring Fine-Grain Multi-Threading in FPGAs. Springer; 2013:67-77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.

Blog post

Davis J. “Bionic Eye” Allows Blind Patients To See Again. IFLScience. December 22, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/bionic-eye-allows-blind-patients-to-see-again/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Research Evidence Concerning Bilingual Education. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garlapally V. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Impact on Metamorphosis and Thyroid Development in African Clawed Frogs. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Walmart Sues Puerto Rico, Claiming an Unfair and Onerous Tax Burden. New York Times. February 4, 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Abbreviation	Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health
ISSN (print)	2213-3984
Scope