How to format your references using the Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Naldini L. Medicine. A comeback for gene therapy. Science. 2009;326(5954):805-806.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cichon J, Gan WB. Branch-specific dendritic Ca(2+) spikes cause persistent synaptic plasticity. Nature. 2015;520(7546):180-185.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mustard JF, Cooper CD, Rifkin MK. Evidence for recent climate change on Mars from the identification of youthful near-surface ground ice. Nature. 2001;412(6845):411-414.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yorozu S, Wong A, Fischer BJ, et al. Distinct sensory representations of wind and near-field sound in the Drosophila brain. Nature. 2009;458(7235):201-205.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tostmann KH. Korrosion. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Jajodia S, Kant K, Samarati P, Singhal A, Swarup V, Wang C, eds. Secure Cloud Computing. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Maiorca D, Ariu D, Corona I, Giacinto G. An Evasion Resilient Approach to the Detection of Malicious PDF Files. In: Camp O, Weippl E, Bidan C, Aïmeur E, eds. Information Systems Security and Privacy: First International Conference, ICISSP 2015, Angers, France, February 9-11, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing; 2015:68-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.

Blog post

Andrew D. What It’s Like Inside The Doomsday Vault That Stores Every Known Crop On The Planet. IFLScience. November 26, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-its-like-inside-the-doomsday-vault-that-stores-every-known-crop-on-the-planet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. What Every Auditor Should Know About Computer Information Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peters B. From Cybernetics to Cyber Networks: Norbert Wiener, the Soviet Internet, and the Cold War Dawn of Information Universalism. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. And on Kohl’s Agenda (or Was It Menu?). New York Times. March 27, 1993:14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Abbreviation	Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health
ISSN (print)	2213-3984
Scope