How to format your references using the Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Taking stock of biotech jobs. Nature. 2002;417(6888):3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zebrowitz LA, Montepare JM. Psychology. Appearance DOES matter. Science. 2005;308(5728):1565-1566.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schumacher MA, Hurlburt BK, Brennan RG. Crystal structures of SarA, a pleiotropic regulator of virulence genes in S. aureus. Nature. 2001;409(6817):215-219.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bowers PM, Cokus SJ, Eisenberg D, Yeates TO. Use of logic relationships to decipher protein network organization. Science. 2004;306(5705):2246-2249.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Darbyshire P, Hampton D. Hedge Fund Modelling and Analysis Using Excel and VBA. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Tuteja N, Singh Gill S, eds. Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhang S. Model Checking in Security Protocol Analysis. In: Zhang C, Zhang S, eds. Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2008:107-129.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.

Blog post

Hale T. The Horrifying Reason For One Woman’s Earache. IFLScience. Published June 11, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/the-horrifying-reason-for-one-womans-earache/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of the Air Force’s Missile X Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schmittel M. The Children First Foundation Parenting Education Program: A Study on the Effectiveness of a Divorce Parenting Education Program. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hauser C. Secret Service Agent Under Investigation. New York Times. January 25, 2017:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Abbreviation	Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health
ISSN (print)	2213-3984
Scope