How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dyson FJ. History of science. Is science mostly driven by ideas or by tools? Science. 2012;338:1426–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. O’Brien SJ, Murphy WJ. Genomics. A dog’s breakfast? Science. 2003;301:1854–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li X, Yang Y, Ashwell JD. TNF-RII and c-IAP1 mediate ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF2. Nature. 2002;416:345–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mora CV, Davison M, Wild JM, Walker MM. Magnetoreception and its trigeminal mediation in the homing pigeon. Nature. 2004;432:508–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hamdan M, Righetti PG. Proteomics Today. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Ivancevic VG. Quantum Neural Computation. Ivancevic TT, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Pham V-T, Volos CK, Vaidyanathan S. Multi-scroll Chaotic Oscillator Based on a First-Order Delay Differential Equation. In: Azar AT, Vaidyanathan S, editors. Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 59–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. CRISPR Scientists Are Bringing Woolly Mammoths Back From The Dead. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Within-School Discrimination: Inadequate Title VI Enforcement by Education’s Office for Civil Rights. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Apr. Report No.: T-HRD-91-17.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Song X. A New Estimating Equation Based Approach for Secondary Trait Analyses in Genetic Case-control Studies [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gorman J. Naked Mole Rats Survive Without Oxygen. New York Times. 2017 Apr 20;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)