How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schnabel J. Secrets of the shaking palsy. Nature. 2010;466:S2-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bandyopadhyay PR, Hansen JC. Breakup and then makeup: a predictive model of how cilia self-regulate hardness for posture control. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1956.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Raviv U, Laurat P, Klein J. Fluidity of water confined to subnanometre films. Nature. 2001;413:51–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Li Y, Van Hooser SD, Mazurek M, White LE, Fitzpatrick D. Experience with moving visual stimuli drives the early development of cortical direction selectivity. Nature. 2008;456:952–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Early WF II. Contractor and Client Relations to Assure Process Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Senechal M, editor. Shaping Space: Exploring Polyhedra in Nature, Art, and the Geometrical Imagination. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Christelis D, Dobrescu L, Motta A. The Impact of Childhood Health and Cognition on Portfolio Choice. In: Börsch-Supan A, Brandt M, Hank K, Schröder M, editors. The Individual and the Welfare State: Life Histories in Europe. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 59–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. How Corruption Is Hurting Mexico City’s Efforts To Tackle Air Pollution [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-corruption-hurting-mexico-city-s-efforts-tackle-air-pollution/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Cost Of Aerospace Ground Equipment Could Be Reduced. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Sep. Report No.: B-177751.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Fair CL. Structure of the Roberts Mountains allochthon in the Three Bar Ranch Quadrangle, Roberts Mountains, Eureka County, Nevada [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. Honing Their Chances With Photos and Wit. New York Times. 2014 Feb 17;D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)