How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Simmons D. Madame Bovary, c’est moi. Nature. 2000;407:137.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Coe FL, Asplin JR. Medicine. Stopping the stones. Science. 2010;330:325–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wang Y, Ran S, Yang G. Single molecular investigation of DNA looping and aggregation by restriction endonuclease BspMI. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5897.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Chambliss AB, Khatau SB, Erdenberger N, Robinson DK, Hodzic D, Longmore GD, et al. The LINC-anchored actin cap connects the extracellular milieu to the nucleus for ultrafast mechanotransduction. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1087.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Huang Q, Jing S, Yi J, Zhen W. Innovative Testing and Measurement Solutions for Smart Grid. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Dolman AJ, Valentini R, Freibauer A, editors. The Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Neurath O. War Economy. In: Cohen RS, editor. Otto Neurath Economic Writings Selections 1904–1945. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 153–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Evans K. Round The World Trip Planned For First Boat Powered Entirely By Green Energy [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/round-the-world-trip-planned-for-first-boat-powered-entirely-by-green-energy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Determination of Costs Relating to the Environmental Education Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Jan. Report No.: HRD-78-37.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Douglas L. Thermogravimetric and Raman Investigations on the Mechanism of Decomposition of Lead Compounds on Tungsten Surfaces [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. Agassi to Coach Djokovic at French Open. New York Times. 2017 May 21;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)