How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gupta S. From gadgets to the smart grid. Nature. 2015;526:S90-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Schwartz MW, Porte D Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain. Science. 2005;307:375–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Xiong Q, Mukherjee S, Furey TS. GSAASeqSP: a toolset for gene set association analysis of RNA-Seq data. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6347.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lauvau G, Vijh S, Kong P, Horng T, Kerksiek K, Serbina N, et al. Priming of memory but not effector CD8 T cells by a killed bacterial vaccine. Science. 2001;294:1735–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Quinquis A. Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB®. London, UK: ISTE; 2008.

An edited book

1. Tamin MN. Solder Joint Reliability Assessment: Finite Element Simulation Methodology. Shaffiar NM, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Fargion V. Children, Gender and Families in the Italian Welfare State. In: Ajzenstadt M, Gal J, editors. Children, Gender and Families in Mediterranean Welfare States. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 105–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Real Reason More Women Don’t Code [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/real-reason-more-women-don-t-code/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Recommendations in GAO Report]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: B-244224.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shurts C. Superstructure [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodara S. A Bucolic Feel, Open Space and a Sense of Community. New York Times. 2016 Dec 14;RE7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)