How to format your references using the Clinical Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Binder PM. Physics. Reflections on a wall of light. Science. 2008;322(5906):1334-1335.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang J, Zhao Y. Formation of zirconium metallic glass. Nature. 2004;430(6997):332-335.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hines PJ, Wible B, McCartney M. Science, language, and literacy. Learning to read, reading to learn. Introduction. Science. 2010;328(5977):447.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Duman-Scheel M, Weng L, Xin S, Du W. Hedgehog regulates cell growth and proliferation by inducing Cyclin D and Cyclin E. Nature. 2002;417(6886):299-304.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

King JA, Timacheff S. Digital Photography for Dummies®. Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Aral SO, Fenton KA, Lipshutz JA, eds. The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention: Personal, Public and Health Systems Approaches. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

DeCapua A. Introduction to Verbs and Verb Phrases. In: DeCapua A, ed. Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers. Springer US; 2008:121-164.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Davis J. One In Six Species At Risk From Climate Change. IFLScience. May 4, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/one-six-species-risk-climate-change/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Software Capability Evaluation: VA’s Software Development Process Is Immature. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brugna RA. Augmenting the Clinical Clerkship Curriculum of a Physician Assistant Training Program with Distance Education Technology: Educational Outcomes and Student Perceptions. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. CHILDREN’S BOOKS. New York Times. September 25, 1994:732.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Clin. Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1533-0028
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology