How to format your references using the Clinical Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tegmark M. Many lives in many worlds. Nature. 2007;448(7149):23-24.

A journal article with 2 authors

Keklikoglou I, De Palma M. Cancer: Metastasis risk after anti-macrophage therapy. Nature. 2014;515(7525):46-47.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ezawa M, Tanaka Y, Nagaosa N. Topological phase transition without gap closing. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2790.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yaveroğlu ÖN, Malod-Dognin N, Davis D, et al. Revealing the hidden language of complex networks. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4547.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Held G. Virtual Private Networking. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Lay G, ed. Servitization in Industry. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Harmáčková ZV, Lorencová EK, Vačkář D. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Costs and Benefits of Participatory Ecosystem Services Scenarios for Šumava National Park, Czech Republic. In: Renaud FG, Sudmeier-Rieux K, Estrella M, Nehren U, eds. Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation in Practice. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research. Springer International Publishing; 2016:99-129.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Davis J. Yawns Are Contagious In Budgies. IFLScience. May 29, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/budgies-catch-yawns-just-people/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Exposure and Testing Requirements for Mobile Phones Should Be Reassessed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coppock JE. Optical and Magnetic Measurements of a Levitated, Gyroscopically Stabilized Graphene Nanoplatelet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas R. A Smelly Visit to the City’s Sewer System Ends With 3 Men Under Arrest. New York Times. August 14, 2015:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Clin. Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1533-0028
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology