How to format your references using the Clinical and Vaccine Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (CVI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Purnell B. 2008. New release: the complete guide to organ repair. Introduction. Science 322:1489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Song WJ, Tezcan FA. 2014. A designed supramolecular protein assembly with in vivo enzymatic activity. Science 346:1525–1528.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takahashi Y, Sipp D, Enomoto H. 2013. Tissue interactions in neural crest cell development and disease. Science 341:860–863.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hamed M, Khilji S, Chen J, Li Q. 2013. Stepwise acetyltransferase association and histone acetylation at the Myod1 locus during myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 3:2390.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Souza de Cursi E. 2015. Variational Methods for Engineers with Matlab®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

2008. High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers: Third International Conference, HiPEAC 2008, Göteborg, Sweden, January 27-29, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hammes S. 2011. Benign Tumors and Organoid Nevi, p. 43–59. In Raulin, C, Karsai, S (eds.), Laser and IPL Technology in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

Blog post

Hale T. 2015. Check Out These Pumpkins Exploding, Spewing Molten Iron And Levitating. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/check-out-these-pumpkins-exploding-spewing-molten-iron-and-levitating/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1980. Need To Ensure Nondiscrimination in CETA Programs. HRD-80-75. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aquino-Centeno S. 2009. Contesting social memories and identities in the Zapotec Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Healy J, Pérez-Peña R, Blinder A. 2017. Stalled Over Gulf, Storm Deepens Texans’ Soggy Misery. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
Abbreviation	Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
ISSN (print)	1556-6811
ISSN (online)	1556-679X
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Immunology Immunology and Allergy Microbiology (medical)