How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abraham S (2004) Climate. The Bush administration’s approach to climate change. Science 305:616–617

A journal article with 2 authors

Akeda Y, Galán JE (2005) Chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type III secretion. Nature 437:911–915

A journal article with 3 authors

Hu Z-X, Lan H, Ji W (2014) Role of the dispersion force in modeling the interfacial properties of molecule-metal interfaces: adsorption of thiophene on copper surfaces. Sci Rep 4:5036

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yang JW, Chandler C, Stadler M, et al (2008) Proline-catalysed Mannich reactions of acetaldehyde. Nature 452:453–455

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Khouw MC, Guthner MW (2016) The Options Edge + Free Trial. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Moustakas A, Miyazawa K (2013) TGF-β in Human Disease. Springer Japan, Tokyo

A chapter in an edited book

Donovan GT (2014) Opening Proprietary Ecologies. In: Gudmundsdottir GB, Vasbø KB (eds) Methodological Challenges When Exploring Digital Learning Spaces in Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 65–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Birth Year Linked To Obesity. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-does-your-birth-year-have-deal-obesity-risk/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Army Training: Improvements Are Needed in 5-Ton Truck Driver Training and Supervision. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Echols KI (2017) Authentic Leadership, Research Integrity, and Institutions of Higher Learning: Why Focusing on Departmental Leadership is Critical for Preserving the Sanctity of Science. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B (2017) Season Over, the Rangers Are Left to Consider What Might Have Been. New York Times B13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Med.
ISSN (online)	2001-1326
Scope