How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Catania K (2014) The shocking predatory strike of the electric eel. Science 346:1231–1234

A journal article with 2 authors

Rauschecker JP, Shannon RV (2002) Sending sound to the brain. Science 295:1025–1029

A journal article with 3 authors

Li D, Zhang P, Yan J (2014) Ab initio molecular dynamics study of high-pressure melting of beryllium oxide. Sci Rep 4:4707

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rose R, Weyand M, Lammers M, et al (2005) Structural and mechanistic insights into the interaction between Rho and mammalian Dia. Nature 435:513–518

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ansorge R (2005) Mathematical Models of Fluiddynamics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Kezunovic M (2016) Design, Modeling and Evaluation of Protective Relays for Power Systems, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Shantsila E, Apostolakis S, Lip GYH (2013) New Oral Anticoagulants. In: Lip GYH, Shantsila E (eds) Handbook of Oral Anticoagulation. Springer Healthcare Ltd., Tarporley, pp 53–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Queen Nefertari’s Mummified Legs Have Been Identified In An Italian Museum. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/queen-nefertari-mummified-legs-identified-italian-museum/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Higher Education: Better Management of Federal Grant and Loan Forgiveness Programs for Teachers Needed to Improve Participant Outcomes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Conway AH (2014) Signs and symptoms of moral injury in female vietnam veterans: A qualitative examination of the nvvrs. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM (2014) Hundreds in Detroit Protest Over Move to Shut Off Water. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Med.
ISSN (online)	2001-1326
Scope