How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Arnqvist G (2013) Comment on “Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection.” Science 340:549

A journal article with 2 authors

Arinaminpathy N, Dowdy D (2015) Understanding the incremental value of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis. Nature 528:S60-7

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu JI, Crabtree GR, Crabtee GR (2007) Cell signaling. Nuclear actin as choreographer of cell morphology and transcription. Science 316:1710–1711

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Trajkovic K, Hsu C, Chiantia S, et al (2008) Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes. Science 319:1244–1247

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moore RG, Garland A (2008) Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

An edited book

Kirch SA (2016) Being and Becoming Scientists Today: Reconstructing Assumptions about Science and Science Education to Reclaim a Learner–Scientist Perspective. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Hurni H, Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008) Soil Erosion and Conservation in Global Agriculture. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds) Land Use and Soil Resources. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 41–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) What would it look like if a person fell into a volcano? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-would-it-look-if-person-fell-volcano/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Desert Shield and Desert Storm Reports and Testimonies: 1991-93. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Datta A (2017) Speech Synthesis Using Unsupervised Learning. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Davey M, Walsh MW (2015) Pensions and Politics Fuel Crisis in Illinois. New York Times A9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Med.
ISSN (online)	2001-1326
Scope