How to format your references using the Clinical and Investigative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Investigative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chien KR. Regenerative medicine and human models of human disease. Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):302–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abrams NE, Primack JR. Essays on science and society. Cosmology and 21st-century culture. Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1769–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liljeroth P, Repp J, Meyer G. Current-induced hydrogen tautomerization and conductance switching of naphthalocyanine molecules. Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1203–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Terszowski G, Müller SM, Bleul CC, Blum C, Schirmbeck R, Reimann J, et al. Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice. Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):284–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sallaberry C. Geographical Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Maytal BZ. Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling: Principles and Practice. Pfotenhauer JM, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. XXXVIII, 382 p. (International Cryogenics Monograph Series).

A chapter in an edited book

Pericàs M, Cristal A, González R, Jiménez DA, Valero M. Exploiting Execution Locality with a Decoupled Kilo-Instruction Processor. In: Labarta J, Joe K, Sato T, editors. High-Performance Computing: 6th International Symposium, ISHPC 2005, Nara, Japan, September 7-9, 2005, First International Workshop on Advanced Low Power Systems, ALPS 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 56–67. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Investigative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Proposed SpaceLiner Could Take You From Europe To Australia In 90 Minutes [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/europe-australia-90-minutes-proposed-spaceliner/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Numbers: Internet Resellers Provide Few Full SSNs, but Congress Should Consider Enacting Standards for Truncating SSNs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 May. Report No.: GAO-06-495.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huynhle M. High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Resilience against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Drosophila Larvae [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Review: ‘Finding Babel’ Retraces a Celebrated Grandfather’s Footsteps. New York Times. 2016 Oct 27;C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Investigative Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Invest. Med.
ISSN (print)	0147-958X
ISSN (online)	1488-2353
Scope	General Medicine