How to format your references using the Clinical and Investigative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Investigative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gasparini NM. Earth science: A fresh look at river flow. Nature. 2014 Sep 25;513(7519):490–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Muerdter F, Stark A. Genomics: Hiding in plain sight. Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):374–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chan CM, Zhou C, Huang RH. Reconstituting bacterial RNA repair and modification in vitro. Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):247.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chunyu T, Xiujun P, Zhengjun F, Xia Z, Feihu Z. Corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 10;4:5652.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson SK, Handelsman MM. Ethics for Psychotherapists and Counselors. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.

An edited book

Pomogailo AD. Metallopolymer Nanocomposites. Kestelman VN, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XX, 564 p. (Springer Series in Materials Science; vol. 81).

A chapter in an edited book

Bhattacharyya S, Maulik U. Target Tracking Using Fuzzy Hostility Induced Segmentation of Optical Flow Field. In: Maulik U, editor. Soft Computing for Image and Multimedia Data Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 97–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Investigative Medicine.

Blog post

Carpineti A. CERN Just Released The First Results From Their Latest Experiment [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/first-results-latest-cern-experiment/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Programs for Land-Grant Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Mar. Report No.: HEHS-96-91R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahmud S. Comparing the Performance of Bottom-Moored and Unmanned Surface Vehicle Towed Passive Acoustic Monitoring Platforms for Marine Mammal Detections [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P, Fisher I. Trump Stresses Palestinian Deal. New York Times. 2017 May 22;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Investigative Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Invest. Med.
ISSN (print)	0147-958X
ISSN (online)	1488-2353
Scope	General Medicine