How to format your references using the Clinical and Investigative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Investigative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fields S. Molecular biology. Site-seeing by sequencing. Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1441–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hone J, Deshpande VV. Physics. Coupling strongly, discretely. Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1084–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Constância M, Kelsey G, Reik W. Resourceful imprinting. Nature. 2004 Nov 4;432(7013):53–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, Li Y. A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature. 2005 Sep 1;437(7055):121–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cheng VS, Tong JC. Building Sustainability in East Asia. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Burstow B, editor. Psychiatry Interrogated: An Institutional Ethnography Anthology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XIII, 241 p. 15 illus., 1 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Gruber PM. Applications of an Idea of Voronoĭ, a Report. In: Bárány I, Böröczky KJ, Tóth GF, Pach J, editors. Geometry — Intuitive, Discrete, and Convex: A Tribute to László Fejes Tóth. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 109–57. (Bolyai Society Mathematical Studies).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Investigative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. What You See Is Not Always What You Get: How Virtual Reality Can Manipulate Our Minds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/what-you-see-is-not-always-what-you-get-how-virtual-reality-can-manipulate-our-minds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax System Modernization: Issues Facing IRS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: T-IMTEC-91-18.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reilly CA. Information and Communication Technology Use in the College Classroom: Adjunct Faculty Perspectives [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Craig S, Chen DW. Trump in New York: Deep Roots, but Little Sway. New York Times. 2016 Feb 23;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Investigative Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Invest. Med.
ISSN (print)	0147-958X
ISSN (online)	1488-2353
Scope	General Medicine