How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

A’Hearn MF. Whence comets? Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1708–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davis SJ, Shearer C. Climate change: A crack in the natural-gas bridge. Nature. 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):436–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Howat IM, Joughin I, Scambos TA. Rapid changes in ice discharge from Greenland outlet glaciers. Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1559–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee MG, Wynder C, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R. An essential role for CoREST in nucleosomal histone 3 lysine 4 demethylation. Nature. 2005 Sep 15;437(7057):432–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sharpe NF, Carter RF. Genetic Testing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Zhu JJ. Quantum Dots for DNA Biosensing. Li JJ, Huang HP, Cheng FF, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. VIII, 91 p. 41 illus., 22 illus. in color. (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science).

A chapter in an edited book

Nikolova M. Energy Minimization Methods. In: Scherzer O, editor. Handbook of Mathematical Methods in Imaging. New York, NY: Springer; 2015. p. 157–204.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Walking on Water: Easier Than It Sounds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/walking-water-easier-it-sounds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on Authority of Office of Education for Access to Accreditation-Related Records. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Apr. Report No.: B-164031(1).150.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saha P. Application hardware-software co-design for reconfigurable computing systems [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J. ‘Stupid Us’: U.S. Retirees and Fraud Tied to E.U. Commissioner. New York Times. 2017 May 12;A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0305-1870
ISSN (online)	1440-1681
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical) Pharmacology