How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Held I. Climate change. Simplicity amid complexity. Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1206–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin CR, Siwy ZS. Chemistry. Learning nature’s way: biosensing with synthetic nanopores. Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):331–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shao B, Feng M, Zuo X. Carrier-dependent magnetic anisotropy of cobalt doped titanium dioxide. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 16;4:7496.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Leaver M, Domínguez-Cuevas P, Coxhead JM, Daniel RA, Errington J. Life without a wall or division machine in Bacillus subtilis. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):849–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Passarelli D. Trading Options Greeks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Camarinha-Matos LM, Paraskakis I, Afsarmanesh H, editors. Leveraging Knowledge for Innovation in Collaborative Networks: 10th IFIP WG 5.5 Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, PRO-VE 2009, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 7-9, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. XVII, 835 p. (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology; vol. 307).

A chapter in an edited book

Soliman MM, Hassanien AE, Onsi HM. Bio-inspiring Techniques in Watermarking Medical Images: A Review. In: Hassanien AE, Kim TH, Kacprzyk J, Awad AI, editors. Bio-inspiring Cyber Security and Cloud Services: Trends and Innovations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 93–114. (Intelligent Systems Reference Library).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Film Rare Sperm Whale Encounter 600 Meters Below The Gulf Of Mexico [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-film-rare-sperm-whale-encounter-600-meters-below-gulf-mexico/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Head Start Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Feb. Report No.: B-157356.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Willis TY. Rare but there: An intersectional exploration of the experiences and outcomes of Black women who studied abroad through community college programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. U.S. Soccer’s Home And the World’s New Destination. New York Times. 2011 Jul 28;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0305-1870
ISSN (online)	1440-1681
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical) Pharmacology