How to format your references using the Climate of the Past Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Climate of the Past Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mignot, E.: Physiology. The perfect hypnotic?, Science, 340, 36–38, 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

Levy-Lahad, E. and Plon, S. E.: Cancer. A risky business--assessing breast cancer risk, Science, 302, 574–575, 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dankert, A., Dulal, R. S., and Dash, S. P.: Efficient spin injection into silicon and the role of the Schottky barrier, Sci. Rep., 3, 3196, 2013.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Poznanski, D., Chornock, R., Nugent, P. E., Bloom, J. S., Filippenko, A. V., Ganeshalingam, M., Leonard, D. C., Li, W., and Thomas, R. C.: An unusually fast-evolving supernova, Science, 327, 58–60, 2010.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins, D.: Reading Paradise Lost, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, 2013.

An edited book

Vega, W. A., Markides, K. S., Angel, J. L., and Torres-Gil, F. M. (Eds.): Challenges of Latino Aging in the Americas, Springer International Publishing, Cham, XV, 432 p pp., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kress, T. M.: Singing a Different Tune, in: Transforming Urban Education: Urban Teachers and Students Working Collaboratively, edited by: Tobin, K. and Shady, A., SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 53–69, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Climate of the Past Discussions.

Blog post

Years Of fMRI Research May Be Wrong:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Highlights of a Forum: Data and Analytics Innovation: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Finley, S.: How online communication and social media networking are used in alcohol use treatment, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Risen, J., Fink, S., and Savage, C.: State Secrets Privilege Invoked to Block Testimony in C.I.A. Torture Case, New York Times, 9th March, A20, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mignot, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Levy-Lahad and Plon, 2003; Mignot, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Levy-Lahad and Plon, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Poznanski et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Climate of the Past Discussions
Abbreviation	Clim. Past Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1814-9359
Scope	Palaeontology Stratigraphy Global and Planetary Change