How to format your references using the Climate of the Past Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Climate of the Past Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ferlaino, F.: Molecular physics: Complexity trapped by simplicity, Nature, 512, 261–262, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aldy, J. E. and Stavins, R. N.: Climate change. Climate negotiators create an opportunity for scholars, Science, 337, 1043–1044, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gans, J., Wolinsky, M., and Dunbar, J.: Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil, Science, 309, 1387–1390, 2005.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Yin, Y., Cheng, Z., Wang, L., Jin, K., and Wang, W.: Graphene, a material for high temperature devices--intrinsic carrier density, carrier drift velocity, and lattice energy, Sci. Rep., 4, 5758, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silvia, T. and Anzur, T.: Power Performance, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Sakawa, M.: Linear and Multiobjective Programming with Fuzzy Stochastic Extensions, edited by: Yano, H. and Nishizaki, I., Springer US, Boston, MA, XIII, 339 p. 59 illus., 21 illus. in color pp., 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Baseler, W. A., Croston, T. L., and Hollander, J. M.: Functional Characteristics of Mortalin, in: Mortalin Biology: Life, Stress and Death, edited by: Kaul, S. C. and Wadhwa, R., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 55–80, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Climate of the Past Discussions.

Blog post

Type 2 Diabetes Might Be Caused By Your Bacteria: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/type-2-diabetes-might-be-caused-your-bacteria/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Vehicle Data Privacy: Industry and Federal Efforts Under Way but NHTSA Needs to Define Its Role, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Razzaghi, M.: Quantum Tunneling in Hydride Transfer Reactions in Solution, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O.: Friday File, New York Times, 26th September, C31, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ferlaino, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Aldy and Stavins, 2012; Ferlaino, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aldy and Stavins, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Yin et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Climate of the Past Discussions
Abbreviation	Clim. Past Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1814-9359
Scope	Palaeontology Stratigraphy Global and Planetary Change