How to format your references using the Cities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor, J. P. (2013). Neuroscience. RNA that gets RAN in neurodegeneration. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6125), 1282–1283.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jensen, E. L. N., & Akeson, R. (2014). Misaligned protoplanetary disks in a young binary star system. Nature, 511(7511), 567–569.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pilet, S., Baker, M. B., & Stolper, E. M. (2008). Metasomatized lithosphere and the origin of alkaline lavas. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5878), 916–919.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Barsbold, R., Currie, P. J., Myhrvold, N. P., Osmolska, H., Tsogtbaatar, K., & Watabe, M. (2000). A pygostyle from a non-avian theropod. Nature, 403(6766), 155–156.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hitchner, J. R. (2017). Financial Valuation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Domingos Padula, A., Silveira dos Santos, M., Benedetti Santos, O. I., & Borenstein, D. (Eds.). (2014). Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects (Vol. 27). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Meisinger, H. (2016). Time as “Dance”: Theological-Philosophical Reflections and Meditations. In J. Baldwin (Ed.), Embracing the Ivory Tower and Stained Glass Windows: A Festschrift in Honor of Archbishop Antje Jackelén (pp. 45–57). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cities.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, June 16). Titanium Dioxide Roofs Could Fight Air Pollution. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/titanium-dioxide-roofs-could-fight-air-pollution/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). Information on Materials and Practices for Improving Highway Pavement Performance (GAO-13-32R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seipert, K. G. (2013). A correlational analysis of the values of Baby Boomer and Generation X rural public school principals [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2017, March 3). Schwarzenegger Won’t Return to ‘Celebrity Apprentice.’ New York Times, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Taylor, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Jensen & Akeson, 2014; Taylor, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jensen & Akeson, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Barsbold et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cities
Abbreviation	Cities
ISSN (print)	0264-2751
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Development Sociology and Political Science Urban Studies