How to format your references using the Cities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoag, H. (2004). Testing new ground. Nature, 429(6992), 682–683.

A journal article with 2 authors

Euston, D. R., & Steenland, H. W. (2014). Neuroscience. Memories--getting wired during sleep. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6188), 1087–1088.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sousa-Nunes, R., Yee, L. L., & Gould, A. P. (2011). Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. Nature, 471(7339), 508–512.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lesser, M. P., Mazel, C. H., Gorbunov, M. Y., & Falkowski, P. G. (2004). Discovery of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in corals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5686), 997–1000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. (2007). Guidelines for Performing Effective Pre-startup Safety Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Jadvar, H. (2005). Clinical PET and PET/CT (J. A. Parker, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vardoulakis, S., Phoon, X., & Ochieng, C. (2010). Health Effects of Air Pollutants. In M. Lazaridis & I. Colbeck (Eds.), Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation (pp. 143–184). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cities.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, March 28). Functional Designer Yeast Chromosome Synthesized. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/functional-designer-yeast-chromosome-synthesized/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Information Technology: Agencies Need to Establish and Implement Incremental Development Policies (GAO-14-361). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Singh, K. K. (2015). An 8-PSK receiver using LNA & SRO: Design and mathematical analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis, G. (2012, July 24). Rossini and Contemporaries, Snuggly at Home in the Black Forest. New York Times, 0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hoag, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Euston & Steenland, 2014; Hoag, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Euston & Steenland, 2014)
Three authors: (Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011)
6 or more authors: (Lesser et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cities
Abbreviation	Cities
ISSN (print)	0264-2751
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Development Sociology and Political Science Urban Studies