How to format your references using the Cities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Overbaugh, J. (2011). 24/7 isn’t the only way: A healthy work-life balance can enhance research. Nature, 477(7362), 27–28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rui, G., & Zhan, Q. (2014). Highly sensitive beam steering with plasmonic antenna. Scientific Reports, 4, 5962.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lammert, E., Cleaver, O., & Melton, D. (2001). Induction of pancreatic differentiation by signals from blood vessels. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5542), 564–567.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gallavotti, A., Zhao, Q., Kyozuka, J., Meeley, R. B., Ritter, M. K., Doebley, J. F., Pè, M. E., & Schmidt, R. J. (2004). The role of barren stalk1 in the architecture of maize. Nature, 432(7017), 630–635.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Diels, J.-C., & Arissian, L. (2011). Lasers. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Loue, S. (Ed.). (2013). Expressive Therapies for Sexual Issues: A Social Work Perspective. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bou-Sleiman, S., & Ismail, M. (2012). RF Built-in-Self-Calibration. In M. Ismail (Ed.), Built-in-Self-Test and Digital Self-Calibration for RF SoCs (pp. 73–86). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cities.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, March 22). Sea Otters May Have Been Using Tools Before Modern Humans Even Existed. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sea-otters-may-have-been-using-tools-before-modern-humans-even-existed/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2017). Information Technology: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Needs to Strengthen Its Strategic Planning and Oversight to Modernize Legacy Systems (GAO-17-488). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stout, J. (2017). The Effects of Discipline with African-American Males at an Alternative Middle School: The Perceptions of Parents/Guardians, Teachers, Administrators, and Other Academic Stakeholders [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vlasic, B. (2015, February 4). Despite Recalls, G.M. Pays Workers Big Bonus. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Overbaugh, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Overbaugh, 2011; Rui & Zhan, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rui & Zhan, 2014)
Three authors: (Lammert et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Gallavotti et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cities
Abbreviation	Cities
ISSN (print)	0264-2751
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Development Sociology and Political Science Urban Studies