How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cressey D. Animal research: Battle scars. Nature. 2011;470(7335):452-453.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowman AF, Crabb BS. The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion. Science. 2002;298(5591):126-128.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pfeiffer T, Schuster S, Bonhoeffer S. Cooperation and competition in the evolution of ATP-producing pathways. Science. 2001;292(5516):504-507.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Martin SJ, Beekman M, Wossler TC, Ratnieks FLW. Parasitic Cape honeybee workers, Apis mellifera capensis, evade policing. Nature. 2002;415(6868):163-165.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snape S. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Rasmussen LM, Iltis A, Cherry MJ, eds. At the Foundations of Bioethics and Biopolitics: Critical Essays on the Thought of H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. Vol 125. 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kamran S, Jazayeri M. Dynamic Content and User Identification in Social Semantic Tagging Systems. In: Luo Y, ed. Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering: 12th International Conference, CDVE 2015, Mallorca, Spain, September 20-23, 2015. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2015:36-47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. First Close-Up Photograph Of Pluto’s Surface Released. IFLScience. Published July 15, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-photograph-plutos-surface-released/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Claim of Raines High School for Advertisements Placed in the School Yearbook and Newspaper. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ryan BA. Computer-Based Versus Paper-Pencil Modes of Administration United States Government End of Course Exams: Student Cumulative Grade Point Averages as Predictors of Success. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Timur S, Nordland R. Angry at European Action, Turkey Threatens to Let Migrant Flood Resume. New York Times. November 25, 2016:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Chronic Dis. Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2095-882X
Scope

Research and Writing Guides