How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van der Leij MJ. Sociology. Experimenting with buddies. Science. 2011;334(6060):1220-1221.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hyman AA, Simons K. Cell biology. Beyond oil and water--phase transitions in cells. Science. 2012;337(6098):1047-1049.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fine PVA, Mesones I, Coley PD. Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonian forests. Science. 2004;305(5684):663-665.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu K, Victora GD, Schwickert TA, et al. In vivo analysis of dendritic cell development and homeostasis. Science. 2009;324(5925):392-397.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bintliff J. The Complete Archaeology of Greece. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Wang E. High-Performance Computing on the Intel® Xeon Phi^TM: How to Fully Exploit MIC Architectures. (Zhang Q, Shen B, Zhang G, Lu X, Wu Q, Wang Y, eds.). Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Edwards KL, Clarke G. SimObesity: Combinatorial Optimisation (Deterministic) Model. In: Tanton R, Edwards K, eds. Spatial Microsimulation: A Reference Guide for Users. Springer Netherlands; 2013:69-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Body Hair Helps Animals Stay Clean – And Could Inspire Self-Cleaning Technologies. IFLScience. November 13, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/body-hair-helps-animals-stay-clean-and-could-inspire-self-cleaning-technologies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. VA Information Technology: Improvements Needed to Implement Legislative Reforms. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Urshel CL. The Technical Adequacy of Standards-Derived Curriculum-Based Measures for Reading Comprehension and Math Computation in Middle School. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. Olympic Dream Vacations, Minus Tickets. New York Times. July 18, 2012:B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Chronic Dis. Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2095-882X
Scope