How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Telomeres: All’s well that ends well. Nature. 2011;478(7368):S13-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Giljohann DA, Mirkin CA. Drivers of biodiagnostic development. Nature. 2009;462(7272):461-464.

A journal article with 3 authors

Christian W, Esquembre F, Barbato L. SPORE series winner. Open source physics. Science. 2011;334(6059):1077-1078.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hoogendoorn E, Crosby KC, Leyton-Puig D, et al. The fidelity of stochastic single-molecule super-resolution reconstructions critically depends upon robust background estimation. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3854.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nguyen T. Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

López-Cajún C, Ceccarelli M, eds. Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of the Fifth IFToMM Symposium on the History of Machines and Mechanisms. Vol 32. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bachmeier A, Siritanaratkul B, Armstrong FA. Enzymes as Exploratory Catalysts in Artificial Photosynthesis. In: Rozhkova EA, Ariga K, eds. From Molecules to Materials: Pathways to Artificial Photosynthesis. Springer International Publishing; 2015:99-123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Our Mostly Dry Planetary Neighbors Once Had Lots of Water—What Does That Imply For Us? IFLScience. June 29, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/our-mostly-dry-planetary-neighbors-once-had-lots-water-what-does-imply-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of Selected Contracts Awarded by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barajas D. The Marginalization of Zitkala-Ša and Wendy Rose. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. Bernie Wrightson, 68, a Comic Book Artist and Swamp Thing Creator. New York Times. March 25, 2017:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Chronic Dis. Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2095-882X
Scope