How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. And the winner is: not science. Nature. 2015;518(7538):139.

A journal article with 2 authors

Skourtis SS, Beratan DN. Biochemistry. Photosynthesis from the protein’s perspective. Science. 2007;316(5825):703-704.

A journal article with 3 authors

Solomon BR, Hyder MN, Varanasi KK. Separating oil-water nanoemulsions using flux-enhanced hierarchical membranes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5504.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Busino L, Bassermann F, Maiolica A, et al. SCFFbxl3 controls the oscillation of the circadian clock by directing the degradation of cryptochrome proteins. Science. 2007;316(5826):900-904.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tsai CS. Biomacromolecules. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Budruk M, Phillips R, eds. Quality-of-Life Community Indicators for Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. Vol 43. Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Tzu C, Yu-lan F. The Evidence of Virtue Complete. In: Fung YL, ed. Chuang-Tzu: A New Selected Translation with an Exposition of the Philosophy of Kuo Hsiang. China Academic Library. Springer; 2016:35-39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Skywatching Events Not To Miss In 2014. IFLScience. December 27, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/skywatching-events-not-miss-2014/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Air Force Can Improve Its Maintenance Information Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kemp LS. Perspective Processing in Language Comprehension: Embodied Efffects Depend on the Pronoun. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorman JL. A C.E.O. Looks to Grow Boutique Hotels in Europe. New York Times. June 28, 2017:TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Chronic Dis. Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2095-882X
Scope