How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bollen G. Chemistry. Measuring the heaviest atoms. Science. 2012 Sep 7;337(6099):1183–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thomas CD, Williamson M. Extinction and climate change. Nature. 2012 Feb 22;482(7386):E4-5; author reply E5-6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lisiecki LE, Raymo ME, Curry WB. Atlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate forcings. Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):85–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhuo Y, Zhou TG, Rao HY, Wang JJ, Meng M, Chen M, et al. Contributions of the visual ventral pathway to long-range apparent motion. Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):417–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thyagarajan KS. Still Image and Video Compression with MATLAB. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Väänänen J, Hirvonen Å, de Queiroz R, editors. Logic, Language, Information, and Computation: 23rd International Workshop, WoLLIC 2016, Puebla, Mexico, August 16-19th, 2016. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. XXII, 447 p. 32 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9803).

A chapter in an edited book

Tisi M, Martínez S, Jouault F, Cabot J. Lazy Execution of Model-to-Model Transformations. In: Whittle J, Clark T, Kühne T, editors. Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: 14th International Conference, MODELS 2011, Wellington, New Zealand, October 16-21, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 32–46. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada.

Blog post

Davis J. Skin Imprints From One Of Europe’s Last Dinosaurs Discovered In Spain [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/skin-imprints-from-one-of-europes-last-dinosaurs-discovered-in-spain/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of NASA Contract. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Feb. Report No.: 105783.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Talice KW. An Assessment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Leadership Competencies [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. The Eve of Destruction, as Seen on TV. New York Times. 2017 Sep 14;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada
ISSN (print)	1925-6515
ISSN (online)	1925-6523
Scope