How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Campbell P. Declaration of financial interests. Nature. 2001 Aug 23;412(6849):751.

A journal article with 2 authors

McSweeney S, Fromme P. Crystallography: Sources of inspiration. Nature. 2014 Jan 30;505(7485):620–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz W, O’Neill BC, Scherbov S. Demographics. Europe’s population at a turning point. Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1991–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Payne JL, Lehrmann DJ, Wei J, Orchard MJ, Schrag DP, Knoll AH. Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-permian extinction. Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):506–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benslama M, Boucenna ML, Batatia H. Ad Hoc Networks Telecommunications and Game Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Ostafin BD, Robinson MD, Meier BP, editors. Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation. 1st ed. 2015. New York, NY: Springer; 2015. VII, 301 p. 11 illus., 2 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Weltner K, Schuster P, Weber WJ, Grosjean J. Differential Calculus. In: Weber WJ, Grosjean J, Schuster P, editors. Mathematics for Physicists and Engineers: Fundamentals and Interactive Study Guide. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 85–144.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada.

Blog post

Luntz S. Medical Marijuana Shows Promise Against Autoimmune Diseases [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/medical-marijuana-shows-promise-against-autoimmune-diseases/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. El Salvador: Pipeline of U.S. Aid as of August 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Sep. Report No.: NSIAD-90-285FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barrett BT. Modernizing Copyright for Equitable Treatment in the Streaming Age [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Still Stretching Toward Heaven. New York Times. 2017 May 5;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Diseases in Canada
ISSN (print)	1925-6515
ISSN (online)	1925-6523
Scope