How to format your references using the Chinese Neurosurgical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Wilczek F. Journal club. A theoretical physicist examines exotic particles lurking in new materials. Nature. 2009;458:129.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carter LJ, Pigford TH. Nuclear waste. Proof of safety at Yucca Mountain. Science. 2005;310:447–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhu T, Satoh T, Kato K. Structural insight into substrate recognition by the endoplasmic reticulum folding-sensor enzyme: crystal structure of third thioredoxin-like domain of UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7322.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Song Y, Altarejos J, Goodarzi MO, Inoue H, Guo X, Berdeaux R, et al. CRTC3 links catecholamine signalling to energy balance. Nature. 2010;468:933–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lane C. Magnolia. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Rauscher RC. Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia: City of Sydney Urban Planning. Momtaz S, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Melany M. Ultrasound Imaging of Thyroid Cancer. In: Braunstein GD, editor. Thyroid Cancer. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012. p. 63–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. World’s Forests Are Fragmenting Into Tiny Patches – Risking Mass Extinctions [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/world-s-forests-are-fragmenting-tiny-patches-risking-mass-extinctions/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Assistance Provided for the Construction of Higher Education Academic Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Dec. Report No.: 089087.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stewart DA. Principals’ post-observation feedback and its influence on teacher professional growth at two Southern California Catholic high schools [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kishkovsky S. A Prosperous Russian City Is Also Fatal for Journalists. New York Times. 2003 Oct 23;A3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
Abbreviation	Chin. Neurosurg. J.
ISSN (online)	2057-4967
Scope