How to format your references using the Chinese Neurosurgical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Andersen B. Space science. Crossroad for European space activity. Science. 2005;307:1206.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Houghton M, Abrignani S. Prospects for a vaccine against the hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2005;436:961–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Newhall CG, Power JA, Punongbayan RS. Pinatubo eruption. “To make grow.” Science. 2002;295:1241–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Freedman JP, Leach JH, Preble EA, Sitar Z, Davis RF, Malen JA. Universal phonon mean free path spectra in crystalline semiconductors at high temperature. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2963.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sengupta DL, Liepa VV. Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Asama H, Kurokawa H, Ota J, Sekiyama K, editors. Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems 8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Nuutila E, Törmä S, Kinnunen P, Malmi L. Learning Programming with the PBL Method — Experiences on PBL Cases and Tutoring. In: Bennedsen J, Caspersen ME, Kölling M, editors. Reflections on the Teaching of Programming: Methods and Implementations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 47–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Gravitational Wave Observatory In Space Will See The Seed Of Supermassive Black Holes [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/gravitational-wave-observatory-in-space-will-see-the-seed-of-supermassive-black-holes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Managing for Results: Observations on NASA’s Fiscal Year 1999 Performance Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Jun. Report No.: NSIAD-98-181.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Yu G. Religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of Asian/Asian American mental health professionals & students and the impact on treatment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Fans Voice Frustration, But Mets Leave It Behind. New York Times. 2010 Apr 6;B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
Abbreviation	Chin. Neurosurg. J.
ISSN (online)	2057-4967
Scope