How to format your references using the Chinese Neurosurgical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Winograd IJ. The California Current, Devils Hole, and Pleistocene climate. Science. 2002;296:7 discussion 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hartonen T, Alava MJ. How important tasks are performed: peer review. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1679.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ferrari G, Stornaiuolo A, Mavilio F. Failure to correct murine muscular dystrophy. Nature. 2001;411:1014–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jin H, Rhim SH, Im J, Freeman AJ. Topological oxide insulator in cubic perovskite structure. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1651.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Krysinski T, Malburet F. Mechanical Instability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Roth GD, editor. Handbook of Practical Astronomy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Xu D, Zhang H, Bao H. Non-uniform Differential Mesh Deformation. In: Nishita T, Peng Q, Seidel H-P, editors. Advances in Computer Graphics: 24th Computer Graphics International Conference, CGI 2006, Hangzhou, China, June 26-28, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 54–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. NASA Is Setting Up A Solar System-Wide Internet Connection [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-is-setting-up-a-solar-systemwide-internet-connection/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA Procurement: Improving the Management of Delegated Contract Functions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Mar. Report No.: NSIAD-92-75.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Parkinson MM. Adult readers’ calibration of word learning [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wilford JN. Antiquity on the Clock. New York Times. 2016 Oct 24;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
Abbreviation	Chin. Neurosurg. J.
ISSN (online)	2057-4967
Scope