How to format your references using the Chinese Journal of Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Journal of Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ensign SA. Microbiology. Another microbial pathway for acetate assimilation. Science. 2011;331(6015):294-295.

A journal article with 2 authors

Klitzman R, Appelbaum PS. Research ethics. To protect human subjects, review what was done, not proposed. Science. 2012;335(6076):1576-1577.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maurya SR, Chaturvedi D, Mahalakshmi R. Modulating lipid dynamics and membrane fluidity to drive rapid folding of a transmembrane barrel. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1989.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Park SY, Lytton-Jean AKR, Lee B, Weigand S, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA. DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization. Nature. 2008;451(7178):553-556.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Quinn JF. Dementia. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Danezis G, Dietrich S, Sako K, eds. Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2011 Workshops, RLCPS and WECSR 2011, Rodney Bay, St. Lucia, February 28 - March 4, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Vol 7126. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Ascher W, Mirovitskaya N. Pitfalls of Macroeconomic Decisions. In: Mirovitskaya N, ed. Development Strategies and Inter-Group Violence: Insights on Conflict-Sensitive Development. Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016:69-79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Journal of Traumatology.

Blog post

Hale T. China Wants To Revive The World’s Largest Ever Plane. IFLScience. September 9, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/china-wants-to-revive-the-worlds-largest-ever-plane/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Efforts To Comply With P.L. 94-142 and Selected Youth Services Administration Management Functions. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gornto JS. The Impact of Student Leadership in Classroom Management on Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. 27 Years After Protest, a Victory Lap for Saudi Women. New York Times. October 7, 2017:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Journal of Traumatology
Abbreviation	Chin. J. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1008-1275
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery