How to format your references using the Chemistry and Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemistry and Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Abbott A. Babies’ cancer screens “not needed.” Nature. 2002;416(6879):356.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Novas FE, Pol D. New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature. 2005;433(7028):858–861.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Michael HA, Mulligan AE, Harvey CF. Seasonal oscillations in water exchange between aquifers and the coastal ocean. Nature. 2005;436(7054):1145–1148.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Okamoto I, Arnaud D, Le Baccon P, et al. Evidence for de novo imprinted X-chromosome inactivation independent of meiotic inactivation in mice. Nature. 2005;438(7066):369–373.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Goodman AH. Rehabilitating and Resettling Offenders in the Community. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Lemke S, Schniedermann W, editors. Class Divisions in Serial Television. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kuroki Y, Uraoka T, Wolkersdörfer GW. High-Resolution Endoscopic Ultrasound: Clinical T-Staging of Mucosal Neoplasms. In: Berr F, Oyama T, Ponchon T, et al., editors. Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapeutic Decisions. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014. p. 71–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemistry and Ecology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Male Beetles Who Have More Sex Are Actually More Socially Insecure [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-beetles-who-have-more-sex-are-actually-more-socially-insecure/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Weather Forecasting: Important Issues on Automated Weather Processing System Need Resolution. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993. Report No.: IMTEC-93-12BR. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sanchez M. For imagination and love – The permanence of the Mexican father who fathers at a distance [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodgman J. I Am Sorry for This Mess. New York Times. 2017 Oct 21;SR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemistry and Ecology
Abbreviation	Chem. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0275-7540
ISSN (online)	1029-0370
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science Ecology