How to format your references using the Chemistry and Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemistry and Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie B. Patent fixes for Europe. Nature. 2010;467(7314):395.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Humphries MJ, Mould AP. Structure. An anthropomorphic integrin. Science. 2001;294(5541):316–317.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bohossian HB, Skaletsky H, Page DC. Unexpectedly similar rates of nucleotide substitution found in male and female hominids. Nature. 2000;406(6796):622–625.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Lee JW, Lee J, Kim C, et al. Facile fabrication of sub-100 nm mesoscale inverse opal films and their application in dye-sensitized solar cell electrodes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6804.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ferrari ML, Damo UM, Turan A, et al. Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Khattab A. Cognitive Radio Networks: From Theory to Practice. Perkins D, Bayoumi M, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Xie R, Xu H, Yue Y. Using Mobile Phone Location Data for Urban Activity Analysis. In: Cao L, Motoda H, Srivastava J, et al., editors. Behavior and Social Computing: International Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics, BSI 2013, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, April 14-17, 2013 and International Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics and Computing, BSIC 2013, Beijing, China, August 3-9, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. p. 30–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemistry and Ecology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Tens Of Thousands Of Fish Die In Yellowstone River, Prompting Authorities To Close It Down [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tens-of-thousands-of-fish-die-in-yellowstone-river-prompting-authorities-to-close-it-down/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Charter Schools: Use of Start-Up Grant Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998. Report No.: HEHS-98-150R. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bardhoshi G. The Relationship Between Assignment of Non-Counseling Duties and Burnout Among Professional School Counselors [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Baker P, Shear MD. President Shifts Rationale For Firing F.B.I. Director, Calling Him a ‘Showboat.’ New York Times. 2017 May 11;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemistry and Ecology
Abbreviation	Chem. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0275-7540
ISSN (online)	1029-0370
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science Ecology