How to format your references using the Chemical Engineering Science: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemical Engineering Science: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pyne, S.J., 2001. Essays on science and society. The fires this time, and next. Science 294, 1005–1006.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nath, D., Shadan, S., 2011. Dynamics of the cell. Nature 475, 307.

A journal article with 3 authors

Taylor, B.W., Flecker, A.S., Hall, R.O., Jr, 2006. Loss of a harvested fish species disrupts carbon flow in a diverse tropical river. Science 313, 833–836.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, F., Ruan, H., Huang, H., Luo, L., Li, L., 2014. Acetylcholine serves as a derepressor in Loperamide-induced Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction (OIBD) in zebrafish. Sci. Rep. 4, 5602.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kazimierczuk, M., 2013. High-Frequency Magnetic Components. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Coventry, B.J. (Ed.), 2014. Lower Abdominal and Perineal Surgery, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Mereuta, O.M., Larsen, C.P., Dogan, A., 2015. Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2 Amyloidosis (ALECT2), in: Picken, M.M., Herrera, G.A., Dogan, A. (Eds.), Amyloid and Related Disorders: Surgical Pathology and Clinical Correlations, Current Clinical Pathology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 55–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemical Engineering Science: X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Stunning Photos Of Dried Whisky Under A Microscope [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. Aircraft Certification: New FAA Approach Needed to Meet Challenges of Advanced Technology (No. RCED-93-155). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, V.D., 2014. Leadership behavior practice patterns’ relationship to employee work engagement in a nonprofit that supports the homeless (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., 2016. A Bucolic Feel, Open Space and a Sense of Community. New York Times RE7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pyne, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Nath and Shadan, 2011; Pyne, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nath and Shadan, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Shi et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemical Engineering Science: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1400
Scope