How to format your references using the Chemical Engineering Science: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemical Engineering Science: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stairs, I.H., 2004. Pulsars in binary systems: probing binary stellar evolution and general relativity. Science 304, 547–552.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schachman, H.K., Cassman, M., 2009. Retrospective. Ruth L. Kirschstein (1926-2009). Science 326, 947.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyer, J.C., Paillet, M., Roth, S., 2005. Single-molecule torsional pendulum. Science 309, 1539–1541.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pöschl, U., Martin, S.T., Sinha, B., Chen, Q., Gunthe, S.S., Huffman, J.A., Borrmann, S., Farmer, D.K., Garland, R.M., Helas, G., Jimenez, J.L., King, S.M., Manzi, A., Mikhailov, E., Pauliquevis, T., Petters, M.D., Prenni, A.J., Roldin, P., Rose, D., Schneider, J., Su, H., Zorn, S.R., Artaxo, P., Andreae, M.O., 2010. Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and precipitation in the Amazon. Science 329, 1513–1516.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt, G., 2010. Zuckersüße Chemie. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Indulska, J., Raymond, K. (Eds.), 2007. Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems: 7th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, DAIS 2007, Paphos, Cyprus, June 6-8, 2007. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, G., Zhang, Q., Yan, X., 2015. Observer-Based Feedback Stabilization, in: Zhang, Q., Yan, Xinggang (Eds.), Analysis and Design of Singular Markovian Jump Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 161–178.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemical Engineering Science: X.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Virus Uses Stolen DNA From Black Widow Spider Venom [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/virus-uses-stolen-dna-from-black-widow-spider-venom/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. Electronic Government: Planned e-Authentication Gateway Faces Formidable Development Challenges (No. GAO-03-952). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wiggins, B.B., 2017. Using Induced Signals to Develop a Position-Sensitive Microchannel Plate Detector (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J., 2016. Grandmaster Flash Beats Back Time. New York Times MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stairs, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Schachman and Cassman, 2009; Stairs, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schachman and Cassman, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Pöschl et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemical Engineering Science: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1400
Scope