How to format your references using the Chemical Engineering Science: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemical Engineering Science: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nordlander, P., 2014. Applied physics. Molecular tuning of quantum plasmon resonances. Science 343, 1444–1445.

A journal article with 2 authors

Owen, R., Jobling, S., 2012. Environmental science: The hidden costs of flexible fertility. Nature 485, 441.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caraveo-Frescas, J.A., Khan, M.A., Alshareef, H.N., 2014. Polymer ferroelectric field-effect memory device with SnO channel layer exhibits record hole mobility. Sci. Rep. 4, 5243.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Krol, M.C., Lelieveld, J., Oram, D.E., Sturrock, G.A., Penkett, S.A., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Gros, V., Williams, J., Scheeren, H.A., 2003. Continuing emissions of methyl chloroform from Europe. Nature 421, 131–135.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Exposito, E., 2012. Advanced Transport Protocols. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Liu, K.-C., Racherla, U.S. (Eds.), 2016. Innovation and IPRs in China and India: Myths, Realities and Opportunities, China-EU Law Series. Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

Butler, M., Maamria, I., 2013. Practical Theory Extension in Event-B, in: Liu, Z., Woodcock, J., Zhu, H. (Eds.), Theories of Programming and Formal Methods: Essays Dedicated to Jifeng He on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 67–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemical Engineering Science: X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Extremely Rare Mineral Found In 450 Million Year Old Meteorite Impact Crater [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/extremely-rare-mineral-found-450-million-year-old-meteorite-impact-crater/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Progress and Challenges in Planning and Implementing the Transformation of the National Airspace System (No. GAO-07-649T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Olch, R., 2010. Low cost/no cost quality of life programs in non-profit theatre (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B., 2017. An Attack’s Fresh Resonance. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nordlander, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Nordlander, 2014; Owen and Jobling, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Owen and Jobling, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Krol et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemical Engineering Science: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1400
Scope