How to format your references using the Channels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Channels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A. U.S. SPACE SCIENCE: Earmarks, Rising Costs Threaten NASA Missions. Science 2000; 289:2018.

A journal article with 2 authors

Laurance WF, Luizão RCC. Driving a wedge into the Amazon. Nature 2007; 448:409–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Donato F, Rompani SB, Caroni P. Parvalbumin-expressing basket-cell network plasticity induced by experience regulates adult learning. Nature 2013; 504:272–6.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Headon DJ, Emmal SA, Ferguson BM, Tucker AS, Justice MJ, Sharpe PT, Zonana J, Overbeek PA. Gene defect in ectodermal dysplasia implicates a death domain adapter in development. Nature 2001; 414:913–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Price J. The Conscious Investor. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Rozbruch SR, Hamdy RC, editors. Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery Case Atlas: Pediatric Deformity. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bertoni A, Folgieri R, Valentini G. Feature Selection Combined with Random Subspace Ensemble for Gene Expression Based Diagnosis of Malignancies. In: Apolloni B, Marinaro M, Tagliaferri R, editors. Biological and Artificial Intelligence Environments: 15th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, WIRN VIETRI 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. page 29–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Channels.

Blog post

Hamilton K. A Possible Alternative To Morphine – Inspired By Spit [Internet]. IFLScience2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/a-possible-alternative-to-morphine-inspired-by-spit/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FCC’s Decision To Consolidate Licensing Division in Gettysburg, Pa. Was Made Without Adequate Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McMiller B. Policy analysis on the Adoption and Safe Family Act of 1997. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bilefsky D. Court Decides Not to Certify Ouster Vote In Romania. New York Times2012; :A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Channels
Abbreviation	Channels (Austin)
ISSN (print)	1933-6950
ISSN (online)	1933-6969
Scope	Biochemistry Biophysics