How to format your references using the Channels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Channels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E. Science careers. Sustaining forests in a changing world. Science 2008; 320:1514–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fetler L, Amigorena S. Neuroscience. Brain under surveillance: the microglia patrol. Science 2005; 309:392–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rouse GW, Goffredi SK, Vrijenhoek RC. Osedax: bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males. Science 2004; 305:668–71.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Krasilnikov AS, Xiao Y, Pan T, Mondragón A. Basis for structural diversity in homologous RNAs. Science 2004; 306:104–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Warren AEA, Lerner RM, Phelps E. Thriving and Spirituality Among Youth. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Epstein M. Material Inhomogeneities and their Evolution: A Geometric Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Stober I, Bucher K. Potential Perspectives of Geothermal Energy Utilization. In: Bucher K, editor. Geothermal Energy: From Theoretical Models to Exploration and Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. page 61–3.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Channels.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Evidence Of An Ancient Mega-Flood On Mars [Internet]. IFLScience2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/evidence-of-an-ancient-mega-flood-on-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improving the Collection of Debts Owed the Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard JT. Transracial adoption psychoeducational services for potential adoptive parents: A grant proposal. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M. Upheaval At Bach Festival. New York Times2017; :C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Channels
Abbreviation	Channels (Austin)
ISSN (print)	1933-6950
ISSN (online)	1933-6969
Scope	Biochemistry Biophysics