How to format your references using the Cephalalgia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cephalalgia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perkel JM. Programming: Pick up Python. Nature 2015; 518: 125–126.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hyde JS, Linn MC. Diversity. Gender similarities in mathematics and science. Science 2006; 314: 599–600.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vaccari NE, Edgecombe GD, Escudero C. Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods. Nature 2004; 430: 554–557.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Oldfield TEE, Smith RJ, Harrop SR, et al. Field sports and conservation in the United Kingdom. Nature 2003; 423: 531–533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Budisa N. Engineering the Genetic Code. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005.

An edited book

Zehr UB (ed). Cotton: Biotechnological Advances. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Almaviva S, Lai A, Spizzichino V, et al. Characterization of Bacilli Spores by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, a Fast and Reliable Technique for Early Warning of Biological Threats. In: Compagnone D, Baldini F, Di Natale C, et al. (eds) Sensors: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Sensors, Rome 19-21 February, 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 19–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cephalalgia.

Blog post

Andrews R. Anti-Vaxxer Campaign Causes Measles Outbreak In Minnesota. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improvements Needed in DOT’s Hazardous Materials Rail Safety Program. T-RCED-90-13, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 7 November 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wulfsberg JC. Singing Turkish, performing Turkishness: Message and audience in the song competition of the International Turkish Olympiad. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. For a New Mother, It’s a Quick Return to Work. New York Times, 21 June 2017, p. B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cephalalgia
Abbreviation	Cephalalgia
ISSN (print)	0333-1024
ISSN (online)	1468-2982
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology