How to format your references using the Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Guston DH. Innovation policy: not just a jumbo shrimp. Nature 2008;454:940–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bakker HJ, Nienhuys H-K. Delocalization of protons in liquid water. Science 2002;297:587–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hedrick TL, Cheng B, Deng X. Wingbeat time and the scaling of passive rotational damping in flapping flight. Science 2009;324:252–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

de Ruiter PC, Wolters V, Moore JC, Winemiller KO. Ecology. Food web ecology: playing Jenga and beyond. Science 2005;309:68–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pandrea N, Stănescu N-D. Dynamics of the Rigid Solid with General Constraints by a Multibody Approach. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Yadav BS, Mohan M, editors. Ancient Indian Leaps into Mathematics. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Nipkow T, Klein G. Logic and Proof Beyond Equality. In: Klein G, editor. Concrete Semantics: With Isabelle/HOL, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 37–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Ecological Engineering: A Breath Of Life For Marine Ecosystems. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ecological-engineering-breath-life-marine-ecosystems/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Concerns Over Labor’s Ability To Implement the Job Training Partnership Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Jorge MH. Relationships Among Poverty, Financial Services, Human Capital, Risk Coping, and Natural Resources: Evidence from El Salvador and Bolivia. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2004.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. Is Tabby Looking a Bit Flabby? A Possible Solution. New York Times 2002:147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis
Abbreviation	Case Stud. Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)	2213-2902
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality