How to format your references using the Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
Vrakking M. Chemical physics: Electronic movies. Nature 2009;460:960–1.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Shcheka SS, Keppler H. The origin of the terrestrial noble-gas signature. Nature 2012;490:531–4.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Sasaki M, Takagi M, Okamura Y. A voltage sensor-domain protein is a voltage-gated proton channel. Science 2006;312:589–92.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
[1]
Ferris P, Olson BJSC, De Hoff PL, Douglass S, Casero D, Prochnik S, et al. Evolution of an expanded sex-determining locus in Volvox. Science 2010;328:351–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Tattar PN, Ramaiah S, Manjunath BG. A Course in Statistics With R. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.
An edited book
[1]
Nambiar R, Poess M, editors. Selected Topics in Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking: 4th TPC Technology Conference, TPCTC 2012, Istanbul, Turkey, August 27, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 7755. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Scattolin N, Zanolla S, Rodà A, Canazza S. SoundingARM Assisted Representation of a Map. In: Bosse T, Cook DJ, Neerincx M, Sadri F, editors. Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence: Contemporary Challenges and Solutions, Paris: Atlantis Press; 2013, p. 73–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post
[1]
Davis J. Life Expectancy Predicted To Pass 90 Years Old By 2030. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/life-expectancy-predicted-to-pass-90-years-old-by-2030/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Revolving Funds: Additional Pricing and Performance Information for FAA and Treasury Funds Could Enhance Agency Decisions on Shared Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Bennett JL. An examination of therapeutic recreation programs for veterans with combat-related disabilities and their families. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
Pilon M. Saudi Team Is Opened to Women. New York Times 2012:B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleCase Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis
AbbreviationCase Stud. Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)2213-2902
ScopeSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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