How to format your references using the Case Reports in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beers TC. Astronomy. The first generations of stars. Science. 2005 Jul;309(5733):390–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yin Y, Alivisatos AP. Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface. Nature. 2005 Sep;437(7059):664–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xie XS, Yu J, Yang WY. Living cells as test tubes. Science. 2006 Apr;312(5771):228–30.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Splawski I, Timothy KW, Tateyama M, Clancy CE, Malhotra A, Beggs AH, et al. Variant of SCN5A sodium channel implicated in risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Science. 2002 Aug;297(5585):1333–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sauter M. From GSM to LTE. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Sanders B, Thomas YF, Griffin Deeds B, editors. Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Cevrimli U, Yuksel YE, Ozturk M. Thermodynamic Evaluation of an Integrated System with Concentrating Collector. In: Dincer I, Colpan CO, Kizilkan O, Ezan MA, editors. Progress in Clean Energy, Volume 1: Analysis and Modeling. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 73–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier Could Open Up New Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s, Cancer [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Jun [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/crossing-blood-brain-barrier-could-open-new-treatment-options-alzheimer’s-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NAVSTAR Global Positioning System--A Program With Many Uncertainties. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haug JJ. A summer literacy intervention for struggling readers at the middle school level using strategies in comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, and positive school climate to improve reading comprehension: An evaluation study. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Publication Gives 2 Neighborhoods Unwanted Local Color. New York Times. 1998 Apr;149.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (online)	1663-2699
Scope	Ophthalmology