How to format your references using the Case Reports in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chatenoud L. Immunology. Teaching the immune system “self” respect and tolerance. Science. 2014 Jun;344(6190):1343–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nakahara K, Miyashita Y. Neuroscience. Understanding intentions: through the looking glass. Science. 2005 Apr;308(5722):644–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li WKW, Harrison WG, Head EJH. Coherent sign switching in multiyear trends of microbial plankton. Science. 2006 Feb;311(5764):1157–60.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Miao F, Wijeratne S, Zhang Y, Coskun UC, Bao W, Lau CN. Phase-coherent transport in graphene quantum billiards. Science. 2007 Sep;317(5844):1530–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Inness P, Dorling S. Operational Weather Forecasting. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Peters S, Besse B, editors. New Therapeutic Strategies in Lung Cancers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao M, Song L, Fan X. The Application of the Boundary Theory of Phase Diagrams to the Quaternary and Higher Number Component Phase Diagrams. In: Song L, Fan X, editors. The Boundary Theory of Phase Diagrams and Its Application: Rules for Phase Diagram Construction with Phase Regions and Their Boundaries. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011; pp 92–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Taub B. Oxytocin May Make You Better At Keeping A Beat [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Dec [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/oxytocin-may-make-better-keeping-beat/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Rise of Political Science. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Benware A. The Roles of Teaching Experience and Authoritative Classroom Management Style on Student Discipline. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J. Start-Up Imagines Driverless Vehicles That Can Tell You Where They’re Going. New York Times. 2016 Aug;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (online)	1663-2699
Scope	Ophthalmology