How to format your references using the Case Reports in Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nienow P. Geoscience: The plumbing of Greenland’s ice. Nature. 2014 Oct;514(7520):38–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Loog M, Morgan DO. Cyclin specificity in the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase substrates. Nature. 2005 Mar;434(7029):104–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ammon CJ, Kanamori H, Lay T. A great earthquake doublet and seismic stress transfer cycle in the central Kuril islands. Nature. 2008 Jan;451(7178):561–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lauwereyns J, Watanabe K, Coe B, Hikosaka O. A neural correlate of response bias in monkey caudate nucleus. Nature. 2002 Jul;418(6896):413–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jank W, Shmueli G. Modeling Online Auctions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Sherameti I, Varma A, editors. Detoxification of Heavy Metals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Wu XB, Wu XH, Guo JH, Li SD, Liu R, McDonald MJ, et al. Polyanion Compounds as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. In: Zhang Z, Zhang SS, editors. Rechargeable Batteries: Materials, Technologies and New Trends. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 93–134.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Dermatology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. NASA Releases Gorgeous Images Of Earth From New Weather Satellite [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-releases-gorgeous-images-of-earth-from-new-weather-satellite/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. CROSSTALK and Mirror: What’s New Under the CROSSTALK Standard--Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brigida MD. Target stock price runup prior to acquisitions. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. In One Brief Moment, Rangers Finally Win Playoff Game at Home. New York Times. 2017 Apr;B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Dermatology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Dermatol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6567
Scope	Dermatology