How to format your references using the Case Reports in Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoelzel AR. CONSERVATION. Can DNA foil the poachers? Science. 2015 Jul;349(6243):34–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berndt A, Deisseroth K. OPTOGENETICS. Expanding the optogenetics toolkit. Science. 2015 Aug;349(6248):590–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ho Choi S, Kim B, Frisbie CD. Electrical resistance of long conjugated molecular wires. Science. 2008 Jun;320(5882):1482–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Michel LS, Liberal V, Chatterjee A, Kirchwegger R, Pasche B, Gerald W, et al. MAD2 haplo-insufficiency causes premature anaphase and chromosome instability in mammalian cells. Nature. 2001 Jan;409(6818):355–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Purkis S, Klemas V. Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Lai Y-C. Transient Chaos: Complex Dynamics on Finite Time Scales. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Eiter T, Ianni G, Polleres A, Schindlauer R, Tompits H. Reasoning with Rules and Ontologies. In: Barahona P, Bry F, Franconi E, Henze N, Sattler U, editors. Reasoning Web: Second International Summer School 2006, Lisbon, Portugal, September 4-8, 2006, Tutorial Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006; pp 93–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Dermatology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mantis shrimp see things differently... literally [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mantis-shrimp-see-things-differently-literally/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Head Start Programs: Participant Characteristics, Services, and Funding. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chhun S. Assessing the role of vacuolar trafficking in fifteen candidate env genes at the late endosome to vacuole interface in S. cerevisiae. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. Clinton’s Chief of Staff Ponders Undefined Post. New York Times. 1992 Dec;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Dermatology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Dermatol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6567
Scope	Dermatology