How to format your references using the Case Reports in Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simmons JG. Timeline: Lindau and the zeitgeist. Nature. 2010 Oct;467(7317):S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brüning O, Collier P. Building a behemoth. Nature. 2007 Jul;448(7151):285–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giles S, Friedman M, Brazeau MD. Osteichthyan-like cranial conditions in an Early Devonian stem gnathostome. Nature. 2015 Apr;520(7545):82–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Guiso L, Monte F, Sapienza P, Zingales L. Diversity. Culture, gender, and math. Science. 2008 May;320(5880):1164–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gao J. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Design and Device Modeling. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Tonsberg TA. Understanding Leadership in Complex Systems: A Praxeological Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Levis AA, Papageorgiou LG. Active demand management for substitute products through price optimisation. In: Meyr H, Günther H-O, editors. Supply Chain Planning: Quantitative Decision Support and Advanced Planning Solutions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009; pp 1–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Dermatology.

Blog post

Fang J. How Do You Test The Multiverse? With Bubbles [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Jul [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-do-you-test-multiverse-bubbles/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Better Management of Federal Grant and Loan Forgiveness Programs for Teachers Needed to Improve Participant Outcomes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu T-WD. Isolation and Characterization of pco-1, which Encodes a Regulatory Protein that Controls Purine Degradation in Neurospora crassa. 2003

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J, Maheshwari S. Eyes Drift. Marketers Stick to TV. New York Times. 2017 May;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Dermatology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Dermatol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6567
Scope	Dermatology