How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Torres-Reveron A. Hispanic people start leaping over barriers to better jobs. Nature. 2009;460:949.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Keith DW, Farrell AE. Environmental science. Rethinking hydrogen cars. Science. 2003;301:315–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pan B, Xiong Y, Steitz TA. How the CCA-adding enzyme selects adenine over cytosine at position 76 of tRNA. Science. 2010;330:937–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bayne EH, Portoso M, Kagansky A, Kos-Braun IC, Urano T, Ekwall K, et al. Splicing factors facilitate RNAi-directed silencing in fission yeast. Science. 2008;322:602–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Meinert CL. Clinical Trials Dictionary. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Pach J, editor. Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Golden RE, Collins CB, Cunningham SD, Newman EN, Card JJ. Overview of Structural Interventions to Decrease Commercial Sex Risk. In: Collins CB, Cunningham SD, Newman EN, Card JJ, editors. Best Evidence Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 203–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Ultrasound.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Scientists Turn Blood Cells Into Neurons [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-turn-blood-cells-neurons/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: FAA’s Efforts to Implement Recommendations to Improve Certification and Regulatory Consistency Face Some Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jul. Report No.: GAO-14-728T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Blumenfeld DB. Policy Making and the U.S. Response to Global HIV/AIDS [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Houston And Dallas Get Relief On Pensions. New York Times. 2017 Jun 2;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)	1476-7120
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging