How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Callaway E. Computers read the fossil record. Nature. 2015;523:115–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kaproth BM, Marone C. Slow earthquakes, preseismic velocity changes, and the origin of slow frictional stick-slip. Science. 2013;341:1229–32.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Holmberg VC, Panthani MG, Korgel BA. Phase transitions, melting dynamics, and solid-state diffusion in a nano test tube. Science. 2009;326:405–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sanz JL, Chiappe LM, Fernández-Jalvo Y, Ortega F, Sánchez-Chillón B, Poyato-Ariza FJ, et al. An early Cretaceous pellet. Nature. 2001;409:998–1000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kuo SM, Lee BH, Tian W. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Yang Y, Ma M, editors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networks 2012 (GCN 2012): Volume 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Abram MR, Di Caprio U. Dynamical Systems and Automata. In: Minati G, Abram MR, Pessa E, editors. Towards a Post-Bertalanffy Systemics. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Ultrasound.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Grocery Store Powered By Food Waste [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/grocery-store-powered-food-waste/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. USCIS Transformation: Improvements to Performance, Human Capital, and Information Technology Management Needed as Modernization Proceeds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Jul. Report No.: GAO-07-1013R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kress DM. A phenomenological study exploring executive coaching: Understanding perceptions of self-awareness and leadership behavior changes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Presents Hard Line To Bring In North Carolina. New York Times. 1992 Oct 27;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)	1476-7120
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging