How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser J. PLANT GENETICS:From Genome to Functional Genomics. Science 2000;288:1715a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hone J, Deshpande VV. Physics. Coupling strongly, discretely. Science 2009;325:1084–1085.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thompson JK, Peterson MR, Freeman RD. Single-neuron activity and tissue oxygenation in the cerebral cortex. Science 2003;299:1070–1072.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Pondaven P, Ragueneau O, Treguer P, Hauvespre A, Dezileau L, Reyss JL. Resolving the ‘opal paradox’ in the Southern Ocean. Nature 2000;405:168–172.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tsujimura T. OLED Display Fundamentals and Applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Morrison FL, ed. Fiscal Rules - Limits on Governmental Deficits and Debt. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Axelsen HB, Glück R, Kaarsgaard R. A Classical Propositional Logic for Reasoning About Reversible Logic Circuits. In: Väänänen J, Hirvonen Å, Queiroz R de, eds. Logic, Language, Information, and Computation: 23rd International Workshop, WoLLIC 2016, Puebla, Mexico, August 16-19th, 2016. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. p52–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Research.

Blog post

Andrew D. Is Talking To Yourself A Sign Of Mental Illness? An Expert Delivers Her Verdict. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/is-talking-to-yourself-a-sign-of-mental-illness-an-expert-delivers-her-verdict/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program Is Under Way, but Preparedness to Manage an Increase in Subsidy Demand Is Unclear

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crawford JD. Teacher Job Satisfaction as Related to Student Performance on State-Mandated Testing

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly DA. Trails, Trains and a Syrup House in Woodstock, Vt. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Research
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
Scope	Physiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Physiology (medical)