How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McArdle J. Animal Welfare Act’s Changes Deserve Praise, Not Panic. Science 2000;290:1299c–1300c.

A journal article with 2 authors

Saunders MA, Lea AS. Seasonal prediction of hurricane activity reaching the coast of the United States. Nature 2005;434:1005–1008.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dahl JE, Liu SG, Carlson RMK. Isolation and structure of higher diamondoids, nanometer-sized diamond molecules. Science 2003;299:96–99.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Reineke J, Tenzer S, Rupnik M, Koschinski A, Hasselmayer O, Schrattenholz A, Schild H, Eichel-Streiber C von. Autocatalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Nature 2007;446:415–419.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Summerhayes SD. CDM Regulations 2015 Procedures Manual. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Belfort M, Wood DW, Stoddard BL, Derbyshire V, eds. Homing Endonucleases and Inteins. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Bauche J, Bauche-Arnoult C, Peyrusse O. Statistical properties of transition arrays. In: Bauche-Arnoult C, Peyrusse O, eds. Atomic Properties in Hot Plasmas: From Levels to Superconfigurations. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p53–133.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Research.

Blog post

Hale T. Wikipedia Might Not Be The Democratic Community We Think It Is. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/wikipedia-might-not-be-open-access-democracy-we-think/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Staffing: Improvements Needed in Estimating Air Traffic Controller Requirements

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boerger EM. Natural regeneration dynamics of red oak seedlings in Mississippi bottomland forests

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Alsatian Sauerkraut, Anyone? New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Research
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
Scope	Physiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Physiology (medical)