How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hurst JK. Chemistry. In pursuit of water oxidation catalysts for solar fuel production. Science 2010;328:315–316.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lukas D, Huchard E. Sexual conflict. The evolution of infanticide by males in mammalian societies. Science 2014;346:841–844.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sun B, Munroe P, Wang G. Ruthenium nanocrystals as cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries with a superior performance. Sci Rep 2013;3:2247.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Tsujimoto T, Jeromin A, Saitoh N, Roder JC, Takahashi T. Neuronal calcium sensor 1 and activity-dependent facilitation of P/Q-type calcium currents at presynaptic nerve terminals. Science 2002;295:2276–2279.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zwecher MJ. Retirement Portfolios Workbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Nilius B, Gudermann T, Jahn R, Lill R, Offermanns S, Petersen OH, eds. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 167. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bouw I, Ho W, Malmskog B, Scheidler R, Srinivasan P, Vincent C. Zeta Functions of a Class of Artin–Schreier Curves with Many Automorphisms. In: Eischen EE, Long L, Pries R, Stange KE, eds. Directions in Number Theory: Proceedings of the 2014 WIN3 Workshop. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p87–124.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Research.

Blog post

Andrews R. Chunks Of The Earth’s Upper Mantle Are Falling Off And Causing Earthquakes. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Utilization of Consultants, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richard K. College Programs in Women’s Prisons: Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Higher Education Behind Bars

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Alabama County’s Debt Deal Averts Bankruptcy. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Research
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
Scope	Physiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Physiology (medical)